تاثير امواج الكترومغناطيسي قبل از انكوباسيون بر قابليت جوجه درآوري و فرآسنجه هاي سرم جوجه هاي يك روزه گوشتي

Effect of electromagnetic fields before incubation on hatchability and serum parameters of one-day old chicks

زمينه مطالعاتي: امواج الكترومغناطيس مي توانند بطور منفي حيات دوره جنيني و سلامت جوجه هاي يك روزه را در معرض خطر قرار بدهند. هدف: اين آزمايش به منظور ارزيابي تاثير شدتهاي مختلف امواج الكترومغناطيسي بر قابليت جوجهدرآوري و برخي فرآسنجه هاي سرم خون جوجههاي يكروزه گوشتي انجام شد. روش­كار: تعداد 115 عدد تخممرغ نطفهدار گوشتي به 5 گروه 23 تايي به صورت تصادفي تقسيم شدند. تيمارها شامل 1- شاهد، 2- ميدان الكترومغناطيسي با فركانس كم (50 هرتز) و شدت 2 ميليتسلا، 3- ميدان الكترومغناطيسي با فركانس كم و شدت 4 ميليتسلا، 4- ميدان الكترومغناطيسي با فركانس كم و شدت 6 ميليتسلا و 5- ميدان الكترومغناطيسي با فركانس كم و شدت 8 ميليتسلا بود. تخممرغ هاي نطفهدار به مدت دو ساعت در معرض ميدان هاي الكترومغناطيسي قرار گرفتند. نتايج: نتايج تحقيق نشان دادكه ميدانهاي الكترومغناطيسي اثر معنيداري بر قابليت جوجهدرآوري تخم مرغهاي نطفه دار و واحد هاو ندارد. كمترين مقدار كلسترول، تريگليسريد، HDL، LDL، VLDL و پروتئين تام در جوجههاي يكروزه تحت تاثير ميدان الكترومغناطيسي 6 ميليتسلا مشاهده شد (0/05

Introduction: The effect of environmental conditions on health indices, performance and reproduction of poultry such as hatchability of eggs is very important . In recent years, several studies ha ve been paid to the effect of electromagnetic and magnetic fields onliving organisms, physiological changes, production and health ( Adair , 1998 ; Baharara et al., 2008 ; Shafey et al., 2011 ). Animals and poultry are exposed to electromagnetic fields from various sources such as electric wiring, industrial electric furnaces, mobile telephones and electric motors . Electromagnetic fields might impact the biological processes. The electromagnetic fields would also appear to have some negative effects o n poultry welfa re and economic efficiency. The researchers reported that exposing cells to electromagnetic fields could cause DNA to break apart and thus affect how cells develop ( Focke et al., 2010 ). The effect of artificially generated electromagnetic field of low frequ ency on survival of chick embryos was examined by Siddiqi et al. (2015) and Shafey et al. (2011). The results of such studies are different and recurrently controversial mainly because different induction frequencies and intensities as well as different times of exposure to the effect of these fields were used. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of electromag ne tic fields (EMF) on hatchability and some serum parameters of one - day old chicks. Material and methods: Number of 115 fertilized eggs divided randomly to five treatments each replication 23 eggs. Treatments included control group, EMF 2mT, 4 mT, 6 mT and 8mT with low frequency (50 Hz). Each treatment was exposed to electromagnetic fields for 2 hours. Four r eplicates with 23 eggs were allocated to each experimental treatment. Eggs were stored at room temperature (about 15 - 18°C). After the exposure of electromagnetic fields, 3 eggs from each treatment analyzed for egg quality parameters. At sampling, eggs were weighed and broken on to a flat surface where the height of the albumen and yolk were measured. The height of the albumen and yolk were measured using micrometer. Mortality was recorded on a group basis as it occurred. Hatching eggs were stored at 18°C an d 75% RH. 115 eggs from five treatment groups were incubated in commercial setter and hatcher with 23 eggs in each of treatment group. The setter and hatcher were operated at temperatures of 37.5±0.5°C and 37.0±0.5°C respectively. Hatchability was calculat ed as the number of chicks hatched per fertile or total eggs. Haugh units were calculated from records of egg weight and albumen height as an indicator of interior egg quality. Haugh unit= 100 log (H + 7.57 - 1.7W 0.37 ), where H= height of the albumen and W= e gg weight. At the end of the experiment, one - day chicks were slaughtered and blood samples were provided and analyzed for different parameters. Blood samples were centrifuged (at, 6500 × g for 2 0 min) and serum was separated and then stored at - 20 0 C until assayed for measuring biochemical parameters (glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, HDL, LDL, VLDL) using appropriate laboratory kits. The data obtained from the experiment were analyzed using SAS (SAS Institute, 2003) statistical prog rams with ANOVA procedure. Significant differences among treatments means were separated using Duncan , s multiple range test with a 5% probability. Results and discussion : There were no significant differences between treatments for parameters such as egg weight and egg large diameter . There were significant differences in the egg small diameter and albumen height (P<0.05) . The lowest amount of egg small diameter and albumen height were observed in treatment EMF 6 mT. The effect of electromagnetic fields on yolk height was significant (P<0.05) , so that the lowest amount of yolk height was obtained from treatment EMF 2 mT. The results showed that EMF had not effect on hatchability and H augh unit. T he effect of electromagnetic fields on serum cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, VLDL and total protein were significant (P<0.05), so that the lowest amount of cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, VLDL and total protein were observed in treatment EMF 6 mT . The effect of electromagnetic fields on serum glucose was not significant. Results from the hatchability of eggs in present research was agreement with Patricia et al. (1978) that reported electromagnetic fields did not influence the hatchability of eggs . Whilst, exposing eggs to EMF during incubation reduced hatchability (Veterany and Jedlicka, 2001). Results from studies on chickens and other animals are inconsistent probably due to differences in the exposure conditions, strain differences, sensitivity of animals and parameters studied. Lotfi and Shahryar Aghdam , (2009) observed that using of electromagnetic fields significantly decreased of blood cholesterol and triglyceride which is in line with the findings of present study.