بررسي جايگاه علم طب و طبابت در دوره ناصري

study the place of medicine in the age of Nazareth

علم پزشكي در عصر ناصري به علت چالشهاي سياسي- اجتماعي اهميت زيادي پيدا كرد. از يك طرف حاكمان وقت به اين فكر افتادند كه براي حفظ جمعيت نخبه نظامي و ديواني، سلامت عمومي در كشور را ارتقا بخشند و از سويي ديگر ورود پزشكان خارجي به ايران، اين فكر تقويت شد. به دين ترتيب در حكومت ناصرالدين شاه، علم پزشكي از طريق تأسيس مدرسه دارالفنون، استخدام پزشكان خارجي و چاپ و نشر كتب طبي توسط پزشكان ايراني گسترش يافت. پزشكان ايراني براي درمان بيماران از روشهاي باليني - گياهي استفاده مي كردند، البته آنها با شيوه هاي علمي جديد غرب نيز آشنا شدند اما عمدتاً به تاليفات در حوزه دفع امراض علاقه مند بودند. اين پژوهش با تاكيد بر منابع دست اول كتابخانه اي و اسنادي به دنبال آن است كه علم طب در دوره ناصري چه جايگاهي در حكومت داشته است و روشهاي طبابت پزشكان ايراني چگونه بوده وآنها به همراه پزشكان خارجي در ايران چه نقشي در رشد علم طب داشته ­اند.

Medicine flourished by translating Greek books in Iran, the early centuries of Islam, so that it is regarded as one of the important eras of medical history. Another milestone in the evolution of medical science happened during the reign of the Qajar. In fact, since the reign of Naseroddin Shah modern medicine developed through the establishment of Polytechnic institution and hiring foreign teachers and publishing medical books and newspapers addressing health care issues. Also some Physicians came to Iran with the Christian religious Americans, English, Russian and German boards. The doctors, unlike other foreign doctors were not exclusive to the court. That is why a lot of people were referred to hospitals for treatment of their diseases. Iranian physicians in this period were divided into three categories. Some of them had mastered old texts, such as books of Ibn Sina. an‎d some physicians had gone abroad or learned lessons of European Doctors of Polytechnic institution. Some, like barbers and the tonsorial and old ladies had the experimental techniques in the field of medicine. This study seeks to describe and analyze the place of medicine in the reign of Naseroddin Shah using documents and resources.