نسبيت فهم فقهي قرآن و سنت

Relativity of Jurisprudential Understanding of the Qur’an and Tradition

اساس فهم فقهي از كتاب و احاديث، ظواهر آن دو را تشكيل مي ­دهد. بسياري از مباحث دانش اصول فقه براي فهم اين لايه از متن سامان يافته و دانشمندان اين علم اختلاف ­هايي از جمله در فهم ظواهر با هم دارند. اين اختلاف ­ها هرگز موجب نسبيت مطلق فهم فقهي قرآن و سنت نيست و علي رغم برخي ادعاها موجب بشري شدن فهم دين به وسيله فقها نيز نمي­شود. در اين مقاله پس از بررسي معاني مختلف نسبيت و ارائه دلايل نسبيت اعتدالي و مقيد فهم فقهي متن، نسبيت مطلق ابطال شده و به برخي از خلط­ ها در اين ساحت اشاره شده است. براي اثبات نسبيت جزئي فهم ظاهر، بيشتر به علل اختلاف فقها در شناخت ظاهر قران و احاديث پرداخته شده است.

Relativity of jurisprudential understanding of the Qur’an and tradition is what forms their external meanings. Many of the discourses on the principles of jurisprudence are organized to understand this layer of text and scholars of this field have numerous disagreements and finally they have differed in understanding the external meanings. These differences do not lead to absolute relativism of religious understanding of the Qur’an and traditions and despite some claims they do not cause the human understanding of religion by jurists. In judgment of this realm lots of inaccuracies have taken place. In this paper after studying the different meanings of relativity and presenting reasons for moderate relativity of understanding of religious binding text, the absolute relativity has been refuted and some confusion in this field has been pointed out. In order to prove minor relativity of understanding external meanings, mostly the reasons of disagreement among jurists in understanding the appearance of the Qur’an and traditions has been dealt with.