كليدواژه :
طبقهبندي شيءگرا , شهر ايلخچي , شبكة عصبي مصنوعي , رشد پراكنده , تغييرات كاربري اراضي
چكيده لاتين :
Extended Abstract
Fast and uncontrollable growing of urbanization causes loss of lands and its recourse, leads to decrease of green areas, open spaces and serious environmental and social problems. So, an essential step to urban planning, management and evaluation of its effects is to simulate physical development of the city. The aim of this study is to understand parameters of physical development at Ilkhichi city with regard to sustainable spatial development of urban issues from ecological and environmental viewpoint in the next two decades. Using Landsat 5 multi temporal satellite images and object oriented techniques, application changes of the lands in 1984-2011 period has been evaluated with emphasis on Sprawl expansion of ilkhichi city. Based on the results, urban area of Bonab which was 94.59 hectares in 1984, has reached to 438.57 ha in 2011.195.84 hectares of mentioned lands has developed on the Garden and agricultural land, which demands management of future development based on the principles of sustainable development.
Therefore, effective factors of physical development in urban area of Ilkhichi city is classified within 12 layers, and by using LTM method, the possibility of urban development map was prepared. After predicting the future pattern of urban development in Ilkhichi city, the protection of gardens and green spaces strategy in the urban development process was operated using hexagonal layout of possibility of urban development map, giving the necessary space for the development, Extraction of natural green belt with the length of 5 km applying the ban of urban development in the around of proposed green belt, maintaining the ecological reserves of Ilkhichi city by reducing agricultural and garden lands, degradation and control of sprawl expansion .
Introduction
Cities expanding by converting land use at the fringes from rural to urban a process that is usually referred to as green field development. Rapid urbanization brings opportunities to new urban developments. However, it also brought about serious losses of arable land, which has occurred in other developed countries. Changes in land use will cause changes in environmental conditions. The term urban sprawl is so cloudy and confused that more precise language is needed to characterize what is bad urban growth. The term is used variously to mean the gluttonous use of land, uninterrupted monotonous development, leapfrog discontinuous development and inefficient use of land.
Urban sprawls are characterized by:
- Premature or poorly planned conversion of rural land to other uses,
- The creation of areas of urban development or uses which are not functionally related to adjacent land
- The creation of areas urban development or uses which fail to maximize the use of existing public facilities and the use of areas within which public services are provided.
In order to keep ecosystems functioning well, it is necessary for environmental researchers, managers, and decision makers to understand the spatial dynamics of an ecosystem. Importantly, remotely sensed imagery provides an efficient means of obtaining information on temporal trends and spatial distribution of urban areas needed for understanding, modeling, and projecting land change.
In this paper, changes of land use are analyzed in Bonab County using Satellite images in duration 1989-2005. Also in this paper, we proposed recommendation for reducing of settlement sprawls development and environmental problems in this area.
Methodology
Change detection is an important process for monitoring and managing natural resources and urban development because it provides quantitative analysis of spatial distribution in the area of interest. Detection of changes in land use/ land cover involves use of at least two period data sets. For monitoring the changes in Land use of Ilkhichi, TM digital data of 10nd. Juan 1984 of Landsat satellite along with TM digital data of 5th June 2010have been used. The path/ row number of TM and ETM+ imagery is 168/ 34. Main reason of using TM and ETM+ data was unavailability of time series of high resolution images and ability of TM and ETM+ data in extracting green area land use that had a large scale change in our study area. The Land Transformation Model is a land use forecasting model as well as a tool that can be used to examine the spatial and temporal aspects of driving forces of land use change. The model uses a set of spatial interaction rules and machine learning, through neural net technology, to determine the nature of spatial interactions of drivers, such as transportation, urban infrastructure and proximity to lakes and rivers that have historically contributed toward land use change in the past. Effectivie Factors of physical development of Ilkhchi city based on research literature identified in 12 indicators and artificial neural network based on LTM Model used for prepeing of Urban Development probability map.
Results and discussion
In the period of 2011-1984, based on Change detection map and initial state and final state matrix, barren land area has decreased from 66.627 hectares to 52.479 buildup area has increased from 59.94 hectares to 57.438, agricultural land has decreased from 572.76 hectares to 387.90 hectares and garden land has decreased from 33.93 to 22.95 hectares. In the mentioned period, the population of the city has reached from 7446 to 15231 which mean reducing the population density from 78 to 34 people in HA. Based on the Holdern model of the sprawl index of ilkhichi city is 53 percent and the biggest Role in the development of buildup area made belonging to reduction of farming and agricultural lands. 195.84 hectares of mentioned lands has developed on the Garden and agricultural land, which demands management of future development based on the principles of sustainable development.
Conclusion
After predicting the future pattern of urban development in Ilkhichi city, the protection of gardens and green spaces strategy in the urban development process was operated using hexagonal layout of possibility of urban development map, giving the necessary space for the development, Extraction of natural green belt with the length of 5 km applying the ban of urban development in the around of proposed green belt, maintaining the ecological reserves of Ilkhichi city by reducing agricultural and garden lands, degradation and control of sprawl expansion .
