پديد آورندگان :
عابديني اسفهلاني، محمد مركز تحقيقات كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي استان سمنان (شاهرود) , فتوت، رضا دانشگاه زنجان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات , سلطاني نجف‌آبادي، مسعود سازمان تحقيقات، آموزش وترويج كشاورزي - موسسه تحقيقات اصلاح و تهيه نهال و بذر , توكلي، عليرضا سازمان تحقيقات، آموزش وترويج كشاورزي - مركز تحقيقات كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي استان سمنان (شاهرود) - بخش تحقيقات فني و مهندسي كشاورزي
كليدواژه :
ﻻﻳﻦ اﻳﻨﺒﺮد , وراﺛﺖ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي , اﺟﺰا ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد , ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﺖ , آفتابگردان
چكيده فارسي :
ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺎز ﻛﺸﻮر ﺑﻪ روﻏﻦ ﺧﻮراﻛﻲ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﻤﺒﻮد روزاﻓﺰون آب ﻛﺸﺎورزي، ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ رﺷﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد آن ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻻﻳﻦ ﻫﺎي اﻳﻨﺒﺮد آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل و ﺗﻨﺶ رﻃﻮﺑﺘﻲ، دو آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ در اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﺑﺴﻄﺎم (ﺷﺎﻫﺮود) اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ، در ﻫﺮ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ 20 ﻻﻳﻦ اﻳﻨﺒﺮد ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻮي آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ 3 ﺗﻜﺮار ﻣﻮرد ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. آﺑﻴﺎري در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل و ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس 100 و 50 درﺻﺪ ﻧﻴﺎز آﺑﻲ، ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ روش ﭘﻨﻤﻦ ﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﺚ ﻓﺎﺋﻮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. در ﻫﺮ دو آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ، ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ زراﻋﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﺪاد روز ﺗﺎ ﮔﻠﺪﻫﻲ، رﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ، ارﺗﻔﺎع، ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ، ﻗﻄﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﻃﺒﻖ، زﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده، ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ و وزن ﻫﺰارداﻧﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي دﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﻘﺪار آب آﺑﻴﺎري در ﻫﺮ دو آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ، ﺑﻬﺮه وري آب ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ آب ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. در ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪه ﺑﻴﻦ ﻻﻳﻦ ﻫﺎ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ. ﻻﻳﻦ ﻫﺎي C142، C138 ،C111 و C148 در ﻫﺮ دو ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ آﺑﻲ و آﺑﻴﺎري ﻧﺮﻣﺎل، ﺑﺒﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻬﺮه وري ﻣﺼﺮف آب را داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﻻﻳﻦ C123 در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد 1736 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر از ﻻﻳﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮد در ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ 224 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ، ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ (87 درﺻﺪ) را ﻧﺸﺎن داد. در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ، ﻻﻳﻦ C122 در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل و ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ 1493 و 978 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر، ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ (35 درﺻﺪ) را ﻧﺸﺎن داد. در ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﺖ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ، دو ﺻﻔﺖ ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﻃﺒﻖ و وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ را ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﻫﺮ دو ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ دو ﺻﻔﺖ از وراﺛﺖ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردارﻧﺪ
چكيده لاتين :
Regarding to demands of country edible oil as well as increasing deficiency of water for agriculture, understanding and evaluating the sunflower growth and yield traits, especially in relation to drought stress can have important effect on yield increase. To evaluate sunflower inbred lines under optimum and water stress conditions, two separate experiments was conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Bastam
(Shahrood). In each experiment, 20 French inbred lines in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications were evaluated. Irrigation of optimum and stress experiment was 100% and 50% of water requirement based on FAO-Penman–Monteith equation, respectively. During the growing period, agronomic traits including the number of days to flowering, maturity, plant height, stem diameter, head diameter, number of grains per head, biomass, grain yield and 1000 grain weight were measured. Due to the precise measurement of the amount of water in both experiments, water productivity was calculated by ratio of grain yield to used water. According to the results, there was a significant difference between
lines in all traits. Lines C111, C138, C142 and C148 had the highest grain yield and water productivity in both moisture conditions. Line C123 showed maximum grain yield reduction (87%), with 1736 and 224 kgha-1 grain yield under optimum and water stress conditions, respectively. In contrast, line C122 showed minimum grain yield reduction (35%), with 1493 and 978 kgha-1 grain yield under optimum and water stress conditions, respectively. In the path analysis of traits, two traits, grain number per head and 1000 grain weight showed most direct effect on grain yield in both conditions. Due to high heritability of these two traits, we can use them in selection for grain yield increase.
