تأثير كودهاي زيستي و شيميايي نيتروژن بر گياه مرزه در شمال خوزستان

The effect of nitrogen biological and chemical fertilizers on savory in north of Khuzestan

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ و روش ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻛﻮد زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻧﻴﺘﺮوﻛﺴﻴﻦ در ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژﻧﻪ اوره ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﮔﻴﺎه داروﻳﻲ ﻣﺮزه، آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺷﺘﺮ واﻗﻊ در ﺷﻤﺎل ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﻲ 94- 1393 اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺪون ﻛﻮد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و زﻳﺴﺘﻲ (ﺷﺎﻫﺪ)، 100 درﺻﺪ ﻛﻮد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ، 100 درﺻﺪ ﻛﻮد زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ روش ﺑﺬرﻣﺎل، 100 در ﺻﺪ ﻛﻮد زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ روش آﺑﻴﺎري، 100 درﺻﺪ ﻛﻮد زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ روش ﺑﺬرﻣﺎل آﺑﻴﺎري، 50 درﺻﺪ ﻛﻮد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و 50 در ﻛﻮد زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ روش ﺑﺬرﻣﺎل، 50 درﺻﺪ ﻛﻮد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و 50 درﺻﺪ ﻛﻮد زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ روش آﺑﻴﺎري و ﺗﻴﻤﺎر 50 درﺻﺪ ﻛﻮد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و 50 درﺻﺪ ﻛﻮد زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ روش ﺑﺬرﻣﺎل آﺑﻴﺎري ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد 50 درﺻﺪ ﻛﻮد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ 50 در ﺻﺪ ﻛﻮد زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ روش ﺑﺬرﻣﺎل ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻛﻠﺮوﻓﻴﻞ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد 100 درﺻﺪ ﻛﻮد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮگ ، وزن ﺗﺮ اﻧﺪام ﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ و ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ وزن ﺧﺸﻚ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ در ﺗﻴﻤﺎر 100 درﺻﺪ ﻛﻮد زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ روش ﺑﺬرﻣﺎل ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان 0/9933 ﮔﺮم و 9/020 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﻛﻲ از آن اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻛﻮد زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ، در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي رﺷﺪي و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﮔﻴﺎه ﻣﺮزه ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﻲ داﺷﺖ. ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﺮك رﺷﺪ در ﺟﺬب و ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺿﺮوري ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﮔﻴﺎه ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﻲ داﺷﺘﻪ و ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ از ﻧﻬﺎده ﻫﺎي زﻳﺴﺘﻲ، ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﻮدﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ را ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ آورد. از ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻛﻮدﻫﺎي زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﻮدﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ در اﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ اﻣﺮ در راﺳﺘﺎي ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﭘﺎﻳﺪار ﮔﺎم ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ.

In order to evaluate the different treatment of nitroxin bio-fertilizer combined with nitrogen fertilizer on yield of savory an experiment was conducted based randomized complete block design at research farm of Islamic Azad University Branch is located in the north of Khuzestan in 2014-2015. The treatments were 50% chemical fertilizer and 50% bio-fertilizer to irrigation systems, use of 100% biofertilizer to irrigation, use of chemical fertilizers by 50% and 50% bio-fertilizer to seed treatment method +Irrigation, seed treatment use 100% bio-fertilizer + irrigation method, using 100% chemical fertilizer, consumption 50% chemical fertilizer and 50% bio-fertilizer to seed treatment method, using 100% biofertilizer to seed treatment method and control (without chemical and bio-fertilizer). In this experiment, it was found that the use of 50% chemical fertilizers with 50% Bio-fertilizer hundred in seed treatment method increases the amount of chlorophyll and the leaf area index. It also uses 100% chemical fertilizer to increase the number of leaves per plant, fresh weight and the height .The maximum of dry weight and yield essential oils in plants grown on 100% bio-fertilizer treatments by seed treatment rates, respectively 0.9933g and 9.02 kg per hectare compared to control. Results of this study indicate that the use of biofertilizer alone or combined with chemical fertilizers have a positive effects to improve the growth characteristics and yield on savory planting. Instead of continuous use Chemical fertilizers can be moved by optimized using organic inputs in sustainable agriculture.