اﺛﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد، اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد و ﺑﺮﺧﻲ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﻣﻲ زﻳﺮه ﺳﺒﺰ (Cuminumcyminum) ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻛﺎﻟﻮس

Effects of salinity stress on yield and yield components and some physiological traits in cumin (Cuminum cyminum) produced by callus

اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﺷﻮري در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﻲ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﺸﺖ در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ روﺷﻲ ﻛﻢ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ و ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. در اﻳﻦ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ اﺛﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻮري ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎي زﻳﺮه ﺳﺒﺰ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻳﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﻮح 0، 3، 6 و 9 دﺳﻲ زﻳﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ NaCl و 8 ﺗﻮده زﻳﺮه ﺳﺒﺰ ﺷﻴﺮاز، آﺑﺎده، ﻛﺮﻣﺎن، ﺟﻴﺮﻓﺖ، ﺑﻴﺮﺟﻨﺪ، ﺳﺒﺰوار، ﺗﺮﺑﺖ ﺣﻴﺪرﻳﻪ و ﺟﺎﺟﺮم ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. رﻳﺰﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﭼﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻛﺸﺖ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺬور ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎي زﻳﺮه ﺳﺒﺰ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﻟﻮس و ﺑﺎززاﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭽﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺸﺖ MS ﺣﺎوي 1 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ NAA و 2 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ Kin ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻛﺸﺖ ﻛﺎﻟﻮس ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي ﻛﺸﺖ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﻛﻲ از ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ زﻳﺮه ﺳﺒﺰ در ﻧﺘﻴﺠه اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺷﻮري ﺑﻮد. ﺷﻮري ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ درﺻﺪ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﭼﺘﺮ در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﭼﺘﺮ، ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ در ﺗﻮده ﻛﺮﻣﺎن و ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ درﺻﺪ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ در ﺗﻮده ﺟﻴﺮﻓﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻮده ﻛﺮﻣﺎن در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺷﻮر از ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﭼﺘﺮ در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ارﻗﺎم ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮد.

Choose plants resistant to salinity at germination stage through in vitro culture are a reliable and economical method in order to select the salt tolerant plant. In this experiment the effect of different concentrations of salinity on mass cumin was investigated. , an experiment was carried out in order to study the effect of different salinity levels on Cuminum cyminum varieties in a completely randomized design with three replications . In this paper , effect of: Salinity with five levels 0 , 3 , 6 and 9 Mm ( NaCl ) and eight varieties of Cuminum cyminum . Cumin variety include: Shiraz , Abadeh, Kerman, Jiroft, Birgand, Sabzevar, Torbat-e-Hydareyhe and Jagarm. Explant plumule produced from seedling vitro culture of Cumin for producing Callus and Subshrub regeneration with contents 1 mgL-1 NAA and 2 mgL-1 kinetin concentrations. Cumin from callus cultures were grown under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the effect of salinity. The result showed that all growth indices, economic and biological yield of cumin decreased with increasing salinity levels. Salinity also reduced the percentage of essential oils and k+. highest umbrella numbers per plant, seed numbers per umbrella, economic and biological yields in Kerman and highest percentage of essential oil and content of K+ was in Jiroft. Kerman in saline conditions of biological yields, umbrella numbers per plant was more than other varieties.