كليدواژه :
اوﺗﺮﻳﻔﻴﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮن , ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ , ﻛﻮد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ , ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ , ﻣﺼﺮف ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن
چكيده فارسي :
ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ اﺛﺮات زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺎدام زﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﻮد ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺑﻪ روش ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺣﻴﺎت در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ آﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ اﺷﺮﻓﻴﻪ در ﺳﺎل 1394 اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ اي در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن (ﺷﺎﻫﺪ، 30 و 60 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر) و در ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﺷﺶ ﮔﺮوه ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ، اﺳﻴﺪﻳﺘﻪ، اوﺗﺮﻳﻔﻴﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮن ﺧﺸﻜﻲ، ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻓﺴﻴﻠﻲ، ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻓﺴﻔﺎت و ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﺛﺮات در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ دو واﺣﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻦ ﺑﺎدام زﻣﻴﻨﻲ و ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ 1000 ﻣﮕﺎژول اﻧﺮژي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ زﻳﺴﺖﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ (Eco-X) در ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻦ ﺑﺎدام زﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ، اﺳﻴﺪﻳﺘﻪ و اوﺗﺮﻳﻔﻴﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮن ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺷﺎﻫﺪ، 30 و 60 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻣﺼﺮف ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ 0/18، 0/52 و 0/66 ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ (RDI) ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻦ ﺑﺎدام زﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﻮﺧﺖ دﻳﺰل، ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﻮد ﻓﺴﻔﺎت و ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﻮد ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺷﺎﻫﺪ، 30 و 60 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻣﺼﺮف ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ 0/80، 0/53 و 0/30 ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع، ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ (ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ، اﺳﻴﺪﻳﺘﻪ و اوﺗﺮﻳﻔﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮن ﺧﺸﻜﻲ) ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ آﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ را در ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻛﻮد ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن داﺷﺘﻨﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
In this study, in order to determine the environmental impacts of peanut production in Astaneh Ashrafieh based on nitrogen fertilizer consumption a research was conducted using life cycle assessment methodology in 2015. A field experimental was performed with randomized complete block design in three levels of nitrogen consumption (0, 30 and 60 kgha-1) in three replications. These effects in six groups; the global warming, acidification, terrestrial eutrophication, the depletion of fossil resources, the depletion of potassium and the depletion of phosphate were investigated. Two functional units included one tonne of peanut and generation of 1000 MJ energy were considered to evaluate the environmental impacts. The results showed that the environmental index (Eco-indeX) with regard to global warming, acidification, terrestrial eutrophication for treatment of control, 30 and 60 kg of nitrogen per hectare were 0.18, 0.52 and 0.66, respectively. Also, resources depletion index (RDI) for one-ton production of peanut with regard to depletion of fossil resources, the depletion of potassium and the depletion of phosphate for treatment of control, 30 and 60 kg of nitrogen per hectare were determined to be 0.80, 0.53 and 0.30, respectively. Overall, the Eco-Index impact categories (global warming, acidification, terrestrial eutrophication) showed the greatest negative effects on the environment for the highest level of nitrogen consumption
