ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﻮد ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ارﻗﺎم ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ذرت (.Zea mays L) در ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه

Effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of some new maize cultivars (Zea mays L.) in Kermanshah

ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﻬﺎده ﻫﺎي ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﺿﻤﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻠﻔﺎت آن ﻫﺎ و ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺎز ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﮔﻴﺎه ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد. از اﻳﻦ رو، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ارﻗﺎم ذرت آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻛﺮت ﻫﺎي ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﻜﺮار در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﭘﺮدﻳﺲ ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه رازي در ﺳﺎل 1393 اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﻮد ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن (40، 70، 100 و 140 درﺻﺪ ﻧﻴﺎز ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ذرت ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آزﻣﻮن ﺧﺎك ﻣﻌﺎدل 138، 238، 350 و 483 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم اوره در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ) در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻛﺮت ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ و ﺳﻪ رﻗﻢ راﻳﺞ ذرت 704، ﺳﻴﻤﻮن و 678 BC در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻛﺮت ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻛﻮد ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﻼل در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ (12 درﺻﺪ)، ﺗﻌﺪاد ردﻳﻒ در ﺑﻼل (9 درﺻﺪ)، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ردﻳﻒ ﺑﻼل (32 درﺻﺪ)، ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ (63 درﺻﺪ) و وزن ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻞ (58 درﺻﺪ) ﺷﺪ. رﻗﻢ ﺳﻴﻤﻮن ﻧﻴﺎز ﻛﻮدي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮاي رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﺷﺖ و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ارﻗﺎم دﻳﮕﺮ از ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ (19 درﺻﺪ) ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮد. رﻗﻢ ﺳﻴﻤﻮن در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﻮدي 140 درﺻﺪ از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮد در ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ در دو رﻗﻢ دﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻛﻮد ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن ﺗﺎ 140 درﺻﺪ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ. رﻗﻢ ﺳﻴﻤﻮن (10467 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر) در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﻮدي 140 درﺻﺪ و ارﻗﺎم 704 (8402 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر) و BC ( 8030 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر) در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﻮدي 100 درﺻﺪ داراي ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ ارﻗﺎم ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ذرت ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ رﻗﻢ ﺳﻴﻤﻮن ﻛﺸﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ.

Optimal use of agricultural inputs in addition to reducing their losses and satisfy all plant needs will lead to improve plant yield. Hence, in order to evaluate the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer application on yield and yield components of some maize cultivars, a split plot experiment was done based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications in the campus of agricultural and natural recourses farm, Razi University, at 2014. Treatments were four levels of nitrogen fertilizer application (40%, 70%, 100% and 140% of the maize demand to nitrogen which based on the amount recommended by soil testis equivalent to 138, 238, 350 and 483 kg.ha-1 urea) as main plots and three common maize cultivars SC 704, BC 678 and Simon as sub plots. The results indicated that nitrogen fertilizer improved number of ear per square meter (12%), number of row per ear (9%), number of grain per row (32%), grain yield (63%) and total dry weight (58%). Simon cultivar had more need to nitrogen fertilizer to achieve maximum yield. Simon cultivar had the most grain yield (19%) than other cultivars. Harvest index was higher for Simon cultivar in fertilizer level of 140% while harvest index for other cultivars reduced by increasing of nitrogen fertilizer application from 40% to 140% of plant demand. Simon cultivar (10467 kg.ha-1) in 140% fertilizer level and SC-704 (8402 kg.ha-1) and BC-678 (8030 kg.ha-1) in 100% fertilizer level had maximum grain yield. In general, our results showed that in the studied region to achieve higher yield, it is better new maize cultivars be cultivated such as Simon.