مصادره اموال كارگزاران حكومتي در ايران دوره اسلامي تا پايان صفويان

he Confiscation of the Property of the Officials in Islamic Iran (up to the End of Safavid Period)

در ﺳﻨﺖ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ، ﻣﺼﺎدره اﻣﻮال ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﻨﺼﺒﺎن ﻣﺘﺨﻠﻒ، دﺳﺖ ﮐﻢ از زﻣﺎن ﺧﻠﯿﻔﻪ دوم ﭼﻮﻧﺎن ﺗﻨﺒﯿﻬﯽ اداري ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، اﯾﻦ ﺷﯿﻮه ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدي، ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از راه ﻫﺎي ﮐﺴﺐ درآﻣﺪ در دوﻟﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎن ﺑﺪل ﺷﺪ. در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﻣﺼﺎدره، ﺣﻮزه ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي اﯾﻦ اﺻﻄﻼح، ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻗﻠﻤﺮو دوﻟﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ اﯾﺮان ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﻋﺼﺮ ﺻﻔﻮي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﮐﻮﺷﯿﺪه اﻧﺪ از ﻣﯿﺎن ﮔﺰارش ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺮ اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺼﺎدره ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ در اﯾﺮان دور ه اﺳﻼﻣﯽ روي داده، ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﭽﻪ اي از ﻣﺼﺎدره اﻣﻮال ﮐﺎرﮔﺰاران دوﻟﺘﯽ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ دﻫﻨﺪ و درﺿﻤﻦ آن ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺼﺎدره در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻄﻮف ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ اﯾﻦ دوﻟﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ درآﻣﺪِ دﺳﺖ ﮐﻢ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻠﯽ و ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﺬﯾﺮ، ﺳﺨﺖ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ.

The confiscation of delinquent official's properties as an administrative punishment started from the beginning of Islamic era and certainly, Umar's reign. Regardless of such function, this practice became one way of acquiring income for Muslim rulers. In this survey, besides investigating the conceptual changes of confiscation, the practical domain of the term has been inquired in Iran at the Islamic period up to the end of Safavid era. From the concerned data about confiscations exerted in Islamic Iran, the authors try to present the history of official's confiscation, and show that confiscation has usually been considered as a complementary programmable income source.