ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن و ﻧﻘﺶ آن در ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ اواﺧﺮ دورة ﺻﻔﻮي و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي آن

Baluchistan and Its Role in the Political Developments of the Late Safavid Period and Its Consequences

ﺻﻔﻮﯾﺎن ﺗﺎ روزﮔﺎر ﺷﺎه ﻋﺒﺎس اول ﻧﻈﺎرت ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮ اوﺿﺎع اﯾﺎﻻت دور دﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﮑﺮان (ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن) ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ؛ از اﯾﻦ رو آﻧﺎن ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﺴﻠﻂ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ، ﺑﺎ واﮔﺬار ﮐﺮدن اداره ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ واﻟﯽ ﮐﺮﻣﺎن و ﻗﺴﻤﺖ دﯾﮕﺮي از آن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻠﻮك ﺳﯿﺴﺘﺎن، ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﯿﺎﺑﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺖ ﺑﺎ واﺳﻄﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻨﺪ. ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮات ﻣﻨﻔﯽ اﯾﻦ روﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻈﺎرت ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ اﯾﺎﻻت اﺳﺘﻮار ﺑﻮد، در ﮐﻮﺗﺎه ﻣﺪت ﻫﻮﯾﺪا ﻧﺸﺪ اﻣﺎ در ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻣﺪت و ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎه ﺿﻌﻒ ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺖ ﻣﺮﮐﺰي، ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ را ﺑﺮاي ﺻﻔﻮﯾﺎن و ﮐﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ از ﻧﺎرﺿﺎﯾﺘﯽ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ را در ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن ﭘﺪﯾﺪ آورد و ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﺮوزي ﻏﻠﺠﺎﯾﯿﺎن در ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮي ﭘﺎﯾﺘﺨﺖ ﺻﻔﻮﯾﺎن ﮐﻤﮏ ﺑﺴﯿﺎري ﻧﻤﻮد. ﺳﺆال اﺳﺎﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺷﻮرش ﺑﻠﻮچ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺮق اﯾﺮان در دورة ﺻﻔﻮﯾﻪ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻮد؟ ﻓﺮض اﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺣﻤﻼت ﻣﺘﻌﺪد ﺣﮑﺎم ﮐﺮﻣﺎن، ﺳﺨﺖ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ و ﻓﺸﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻧﺎرﺿﺎﯾﺘﯽ ﻣﺮدم از ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺖ ﺻﻔﻮﯾﻪ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺷﻮرش آﻧﻬﺎ ﮔﺸﺖ؛ اﯾﻦ ﺷﻮرش ﻫﺎ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻀﻌﯿﻒ ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺖ ﺻﻔﻮﯾﻪ در ﻣﺮزﻫﺎي ﺷﺮقي ﻮ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺷﻮرش ﻣﺤﻤﻮد اﻓﻐﺎن را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ـ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮاز و ﻧﺸﯿﺐ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت اﯾﻦ اﯾﺎﻟﺖ در روزﮔﺎر ﺻﻔﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮدازد، ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻮض ﺷﺪن ﻧﻘﺶ اﻗﻮام ﻣﺮزﻧﺸﯿﻦ از ﻣﺮزﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻔﻮذ و ﯾﺎري رﺳﺎن ﻣﻬﺎﺟﻤﺎن ﺗﺎ ﭼﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮز ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺖ، رﻓﺘﺎر و ﻧﮕﺮش ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر دوﻟﺖ ﻣﺮﮐﺰي ﺻﻔﻮي ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

The Safavids did not have a proper supervising of the situation in distant states such as Makoran (Baluchistan) until the time of Shah Abbas I. Thus, after domination of these areas, they turned the government into mediators by handing over the administration of a part of Baluchistan to the Governor of Kerman and another part of it to the Sultanate. This process, which was roughly based on indirect observation of states, although its short-term negative effects were not revealed in the short term, but in the long run, and occasionally the weakness of the central government, caused a lot of problems for the Safavids and focused on local dissatisfaction in Baluchitan. and this field contributed greatly to the victory of the Ghiljaidsin the attack on the capital of the Safavid. The basic question that this study seeks to provide a well-grounded answer to what was the basis of the context and effect of the Baluch revolt in southeastern Iran during the Safavid period? The main hypothesis of the paper is that the numerous attacks of Kerman rulers, religious hardship and tax pressures caused people to be dissatisfied with the Safavid regime and caused them to revolt in the late Safavid; these riots set the stage for weakening the Safavid rule on the eastern borders and spreading the Mahmud Afghan refugee provided. This paper describes the ups and downs of developments in this state in Safavid era, which shows that the change in the role of the borderland peoples from the borderland to the influence factor and the attackers to the extent to which the government, the behavior and attitude of the structure of the central government of Safavid It depends.