تأملي بر شورش منطقة طرهان در سال 1306 ش. (شورش علي محمدخان غضنفري)

Ali Mohammad Khan Ghazanfari rebellion; an analysis on the rebellion of Tarahān in 1927 A.D.

در ﺳﺎل 1306ش. در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻃﺮﻫﺎن ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن، ﺷﻮرﺷﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺿﺪ ﻗﻮاي رﺿﺎﺷﺎه ﺑﻪ وﻗﻮع ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺖ و ﺳﺮﺗﯿﭗ ﺷﺎه ﺑﺨﺘﯽ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺪه ﻟﺸﮑﺮ ﻏﺮب، ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮه ﺑﻮﻣﯿﺎن آﻧﺠﺎ درآﻣﺪ. اﯾﻦ روﯾﺪاد ﮐﻪ آﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﻮرش اﯾﻠﯽ ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺮ ﺿﺪ ﻗﻮاي دوﻟﺘﯽ ﺑﻮد، ﺑﻪ رﻫﺒﺮي ﻋﻠﯽ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺧﺎن ﻏﻀﻨﻔﺮي (اﻣﯿﺮاﻋﻈﻢ) ﻓﺮزﻧﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﻋﻠﯽﺧﺎن، رخ داد. ﺗﻼش ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﺳﯿﺲ دوﻟﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﻪ، رﻓﺘﺎر ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ آﻣﯿﺰ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎن ارﺗﺶ در اﺟﺮاي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻠﻊ ﺳﻼح و اﺳﮑﺎن اﺟﺒﺎري و ﺑﯽﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻠﻘﯿﺎت ﻋﺸﺎﯾﺮ ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن، در ﺑﯿﻦ اﯾﻼت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آﻧﺠﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﯽ از ﺗﺮس و ﺗﻨﻔﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ارﺗﺶ و دوﻟﺖ اﯾﺠﺎد ﮐﺮد و ﺑﻪ وﻗﻮع ﺷﻮرش ﻫﺎﯾﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻃﺮﻫﺎن ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ آن، ﻣﺴﺌﻠﮥ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﮥ ﭘﯿﺶ رو اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، واﮐﺎوي زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺮوز اﯾﻦ ﺷﻮرش و ﺗﺒﻌﺎت آن ﺑﻮده و درﺻﺪد ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻠﻞ ﺑﺮوز، ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ و ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷﺖ ﺷﻮرش ﻃﺮﻫﺎن ﭼﻪ ﺑﻮده؟ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد ﺗﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎن ارﺗﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺸﺎﯾﺮ، ﺗﺮس ﺑﻮﻣﯿﺎن از ورود ﻗﻮاي دوﻟﺘﯽ، ﺗﻼش ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﻆ ﻗﺪرت ﻣﺤﻠﯽ و اﺧﺘﻼف ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺣﮑﺎم آﻧﺠﺎ ﻋﻠﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ وﻗﻮع اﯾﻦ ﺷﻮرش ﺑﻮده و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ، ﺑﺮﺗﺮي ﻋﺪه و ﻋﺪه ﻗﻮاي ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ و اﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت داﺧﻠﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﺸﺎﯾﺮ، ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﺴﺖ ﺷﻮرش، ﺗﺴﻠﯿﻢ اﻣﯿﺮاﻋﻈﻢ و ﺗﺼﺮف ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ ارﺗﺶ ﺷﺪ.

In 1927A.D, in Tarahā n area at Lorestan, a rebellion took place against Reza Shah in which the natives surrounded the commander of the west division, brigadier general Shah-bakhti. Ali Mohammad Khan Ghazanfari (Amir Azam), son of Nazar Ali Khan, was the leader of this rebellion, which was the last major one in Lorestan against the government forces. That was because of government’s attempt to establish tyranny, the military commanders’ brusqurie in implementing some programs such as unarming, compulsory settling, and neglecting the attitudes of tribes of Lorestan. These had caused some sort of fear and hatred of the army and the government among the tribes of the area which, in turn, leading to rebellions including ones that occurred at Tarahā n. In this study, we shall analyze the previously mentioned event. The purpose of this study is to examine the nature, the context, the causes, the consequences and the fate of the rebellion of Tarahā n. The results show that the outrageous behaviors of army commanders towards tribes and natives’ fear of the supremacy of military forces, some efforts to preserve the local authority and various family disputes among the local rulers were the main causes of the rebellion. These led the rebellion into defeat, made AmirAzam give up, and at the end, the army captured the area.