بررسي تاريخي فعاليت اقتصادي زنانِ ايران در دوره قاجار

Historical Review on Economic Activities of Iranian Women in Qajar Era

مطالعه اﻫﻤﯿﺖ و ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ زﻧﺎن در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﯾﺮان ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻫﺪف و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﮔﺬاري در اﻣﻮر زﻧﺎن ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد، از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﮐﺸﻮر اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن، در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﯾﮏ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ، درﺻﺪدﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺤﯽ دﻗﯿﻖ و ﮐﺎﻣﻞ درﺑﺎره وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي زﻧﺎن در دوره ﻗﺎﺟﺎر، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ دوره ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ، ﮐﻪ در آن ﺣﻀﻮر زﻧﺎن در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻇﻬﻮر ﺟﻨﺒﺶ ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﯿﺖ ﻣﻄﺮح و ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد، اراﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس، ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن، ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از روش ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي و ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ، اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻦ را ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. در ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺣﻀﻮر اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي زﻧﺎن در دوره ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ روزﻣﺮه ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي روش ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي و ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ در ﻃﻮل اﯾﻦ دوره، ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي زﻧﺎن در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

The study of importance and role of women participation in Iranian economic areas leading to target setting and policy making in women affairs are among the significant issues of the country. Thus, in the present study, the researchers are to, within the framework of a historical research, elaborate on the economic status of the women during Qajar era, as a historical period, in which the women presence in the society was highlighted because of the emergence of "Constitutional Movement". Accordingly, having used the library method and internet research, the researchers have analyzed the information obtained from historical evidences and studies conducted before. In this research, the economic presence of women in the intended era has been analyzed in form of modern day occupations and then classified based on a new method of classification. Under the classification and based different classes of society during the era, different aspects of women activities have taken into consideration in areas of political, social and subsistence economy.