بررسي و نقد نظريه «رؤيت الهي» در تفسير سورآبادي

Review and Critique of the Theory of "Divine Seeing" in Surābādī's Exegesis

ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻗﺮآﻧﯽ- ﮐﻼﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﯿﺎري در ﻣﻮرد آن ﺷﺪه، ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ رؤﯾﺖ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﯾﺎ رؤﯾﺖ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺘﻔﮑﺮان اﺳﻼﻣﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﻪ دو دﺳﺘﻪ ﮐﻠﯽ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﺷﺎﻋﺮه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺪﻻل ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﯽ رؤﯾﺖ ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ را اﺛﺒﺎت ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ و در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻌﺘﺰﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ اﻣﺮي را ﻣﺤﺎل داﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺳﻮرآﺑﺎدي ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺘﻔﮑﺮاﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻫﺎي زﯾﺎدي در اﺛﺒﺎت رؤﯾﺖ ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻼم اﺷﺎﻋﺮه ﻣﻄﺮح ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ. اﺳﺘﺪﻻل ﻫﺎي او در اﺛﺒﺎت اﯾﻦ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻠﯽ؛ ﻗﺮآﻧﯽ، ﺣﺪﯾﺜﯽ و ﻋﻘﻠﯽ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از آﯾﺎت ﻗﺮآﻧﯽ و اﺣﺎدﯾﺚ رؤﯾﺖ خداوند را انكار و ابطال مي‌كنند و از جهت ديگر طبق براهين عقلي چنين امري مستلزم مادي و جسماني بودن خداوند است، دلايل سورآبادي با چالش‌ هاي جدي مواجه مي‌ شوند و اعتبار آنها مورد خدشه واقع مي‌شود.

One of the Quranic topics - that many debates about it - is the question of God's seeing or non-seeing. Islamic scholars were divided into two categories in this regard. The Ash'arites proved the various arguments of God's seeing, and on the contrary, the Mu'tazilites do not allow such a thing. Surābādī is one of the scholars who has raised many arguments in proving God's seeing according to the principles of the Ash'arites. His arguments to prove this view are divided into three general sections: the Quran, the Hadith and the reason. Due to the fact that some of the Qur'anic verses and hadiths deny the seeing of God and, on the other hand, on the basis of rational reasons, this requires the material and physical being of God, the reasons for Surābādī are facing serious challenges and their credibility is undermined.