ﻧﻘﺶ آﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﺑﺨﺶ در ﺗﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﺣﯿﺎت ﺑﺎفت هاي ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﻓﺮﺳﻮده ﺷﻬﺮي (ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردي: ﻣﺤﻮر ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ارگ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ)

Contribution of Physical Identifying Elements in Revitalization of Urban Historical-Deteriorated Texture (Case Study: Arg Street in Mashhad)

اﻣﺮوزه اﺿﻤﺤﻠﺎل ﺗﺪرﯾﺠﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر و ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ- ﻓﺮﺳﻮده ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرگ اﯾﺮان، در ﮐﻨﺎر ﻧﺎﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدي، ﻧﺎرﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي و ﻣﻌﻀﻠﺎت ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ-اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺎ، ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎﻟﺸﯽ ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺪل ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺤﻮر ارگ در ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﮐﻠﺎﻧﺸﻬﺮ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ، در ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﺤﻮرﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺷﻬﺮي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻇﻬﻮر اﻟﮕﻮوارهﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻤﺎري-ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎزي ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻮازن ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ- ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﻣﺤﻮر، ﻧﺎﺑﻮدي و ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﺪرﯾﺠﯽ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻫﻮﯾﺘﻤﻨﺪ، ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﻨﻈﺮي ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ از ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و ﻫﻮﯾﺖ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ اﺳﻠﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد، ﮐﻤﺒﻮد ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي اﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. از اﯾﻦ رو ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﮐﺸﻒ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﻧﻘﺶ آﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﺳﺎز در ﺑﺎزآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻓﺮﺳﻮده-ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﻣﺤﻮر ارگ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اي-ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻃﺮح ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ- ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ اﺳﺖ. اﺑﺰار ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻠﺎﻋﺎت اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﺳﻨﺎدي و ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي را درﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﮕﯿﺮد. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ آراء اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن از ﻓﻀﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان درﺣﺪود 100 ﻧﻔﺮ درﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻓﯽ و ﮐﺮاﯾﻤﺮ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از وﺟﻮد ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻫﻮﯾﺘﻤﻨﺪ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي در ﻣﺤﻮر ارگ و ﻣﺼﺎدﯾﻖ آن ﺑﺎ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﻓﺮد (با ضريب همبستگي: 0.13)، مدت سكونت يا كار در محدوده (با ضريب همبستگي: 0. 008)، رنگ (با ضريب همبستگي: 0.011)، ارتفاع ساختمان (باضريب همبستگي: 0. 005)، نما (با ضريب همبستگي: 0. 0001)، كف سازي (با ضريب همبستگي: 0. 016)، وضعيت روشنايي در شب (باضريب همبستگي: 0. 031) و فضاي سبز (با ضريب همبستگي: 0. 029) مي باشد. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و ﯾﺎ ارﺗﻘﺎء ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي ﯾﺎدﺷﺪه درﻣﺤﻮر ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻋﻠﺎوه ﺑﺮ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﺑﺮاي اﺣﯿﺎء ﻫﻮﯾﺖ، ﺧﺎﻃﺮه و ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﻣﺤﻮر ارگ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮﺳﺎزي و ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان و ﺑﺎزآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ و ﺣﺎل ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪ.

Nowadays, the gradual destruction of identifiable elements and structure of urban historical-deteriorated texture as well as functional inefficiency, dysfunction and cultural- social problem have become major challenges in planning and management of cities. Arg street, which is located in downtown Mashhad, have several problems that people are not interested in using this urban texture such as rise of architectural and urban models which are different from the culture and history of the street, gradual destruction of identifiable elements s, lack of facilities, formation of places without considering current history and culture as well as Islamic Persian identity. The aim of this essay is to investigate the role of physical elements of identity in revitalization of Arg street urban historical-deteriorated texture. Development-Application methods with Analysis–Descriptive frameworks as well as interview, questionnaire and library studies are used in this article in order to data collection. Sample size of 100 person specified based on Cochran's formula, following which Information processing is performed through Crosstab (Phi and Cramer's V) analysis. According to the studies, some correlations exist between physical identifiable elements of Arg street and it’s samples with other criterias like Place of birth (with a correlation coefficient of 0. 013), Duration of residence or work (with a correlation coefficient of 0. 008), Colour (with a correlation coefficient of 0. 011), Building height (with a correlation coefficient of 0. 005), Building façade (with a correlation coefficient of 0. 0001), Passway (with a correlation coefficient of 0. 016), Lighting at night (with a correlation coefficient of 0. 031) and Green Space (with a correlation coefficient of 0. 029). The results show that design or quality improvement of the mentioned physical factors in Arg street can prepare the situation for recreating identity, memory and history of Arg street as well as fulfiling new needs of citizens and revitalization according to past and current situation.