روند اسلام ستيزي بلشيوك ها در آسياي مركزي

The Process of Bolsheviks’ Anti-Islamism in Central Asia

ﺑﻠﺸﻮﯾﮏ ﻫﺎ ﭘﺲ از ﭘﯿﺮوزي در اﻧﻘﻼب اﮐﺘﺒﺮ 1917م در روﺳﯿﻪ، ﺟﺎﻧﺸﯿﻦ ﺗﺰارﻫﺎ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و اداره ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﺎﮐﻤﯿﺖِ آن ﻫﺎ، از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ آﺳﯿﺎي ﻣﺮﮐﺰي، را ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺟﺎﻧﺸﯿﻨﺎن ﮐﻤﻮﻧﯿﺴﺖِ ﺗﺰارﻫﺎ، ﺧﯿﻠﯽ زود، ﻣﺒﺎرزه اي ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ را ﻋﻠﯿﻪ دﯾﻦ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ آﺳﯿﺎي ﻣﺮﮐﺰي آﻏﺎز ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ و ﻫﻮﯾﺖ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺮدم اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ را ﺑﺎ اﺑﺰارﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن ﻫﺪف ﻗﺮار دادﻧﺪ. ﭼﺮاﯾﯽ و ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ اﺳﻼم ﺳﺘﯿﺰي ﺑﻠﺸﻮﯾﮏ ﻫﺎ ﺳﺆال اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪه، ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ، در ﭘﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ آن ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﺸﺘﺎر ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻧﺎن، ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ و ﺗﻌﻄﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪ و ﻣﺪارس دﯾﻨﯽ، ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺒﻠﻐﺎن ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ، ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﭼﺎپ ﮐﺘﺐ دﯾﻨﯽ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه ﻗﺮآن، ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺧﻂ و اﻟﻔﺒﺎي ﻋﺮﺑﯽ و ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ روﺳﯽ، ﻟﻐﻮ ﺣﺠﺎب، ﻣﺼﺎدره اوﻗﺎف و ﻣﻨﺤﻞ ﮐﺮدن دادﮔﺎه ﻫﺎي ﺷﺮﻋﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﺿﺪ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺑﻠﺸﻮﯾﮏ ﻫﺎ در دوران ﻫﻔﺘﺎد ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻠﻄﻪ ﺧﻮد ﺑﺮ آﺳﯿﺎي ﻣﺮﮐﺰي اﺳﺖ. وﻟﯽ ﺑﺎوﺟﻮد ﻫﻤﻪ ﺗﻼش ﻫﺎ و ﺗﺒﻠﯿﻐﺎت ﺿﺪ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺷﺎن، در ﺣﺬف اﺳﻼم از زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﺮدم آﺳﯿﺎي ﻣﺮﮐﺰي ﭼﻨﺪان ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻧﺒﻮده اﻧﺪ و ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻧﺎن اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﭘﺎﯾﯽ ﺟﻨﺒﺶ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ «ﺑﺎﺳﻤﺎﭼﯽ» و ﺣﻔﻆ ﻫﻮﯾﺖ دﯾﻨﯽ و ﻣﻠﯽ ﺧﻮد در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ اﺳﻼمِ ﻏﯿﺮرﺳﻤﯽ، ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﯽ ﺳﺘﻮدﻧﯽ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﻠﺸﻮﯾﮏ ﻫﺎ از ﺧﻮد ﺑﻪ ﯾﺎدﮔﺎر ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻨﺪ.

Bolsheviks replaced Tsars after their victory in the revolution of October, 1917 in Russia and ruled the territory under the Tsras’ authority including Central Asia. The communist successors of the tsars, very soon, Communist rulers started a comprehensive fight against Islamic religion and culture in Central Asia and and the Islamic identity of the people targeted the region with a variety of instruments. The why and how of Bolsheviks’ anti-Islamism is the main question of the present article which the author tries to investigate and explain using descriptive-analytical method. The aim of the present article is to explain the process of the anti-Islamic policies of Bolsheviks in Central Asia . Research findings show that the killing of Muslims, the destruction and closure of religious mosques and schools, the confrontation with the activities of missionaries, the stopping of the publication of religious books, in particular the Quran, the conversion of the Arabic and Persian alphabets to Russian, the abolition of veil, confiscation The endowment and liquidation of the religious courts are one of the anti-Islamic acts of the Bolsheviks during the seventy-year period of its domination of Central Asia. But despite all their anti-Islamic propaganda efforts, they have not succeeded in eliminating Islam from the lives of the people of Central Asia, and the Muslims of this region, through the establishment of movements like “Basmachi” and maintaining their religious and national identity in the form of The unofficial Islam reminded us of the admirable resistance against the Bolsheviks.