وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎن ﮐﺎﻣﻞ در ﻓﺼﻮص اﻟﺤﮑﻢ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﮥ آن ﺑﺎ اوﺻﺎف آدم ﻋﻠﯿﻮن در زﻫُﺮ

Characteristics of Perfect Man in Fusus al Hikam and its Comparison with Adam Elyon’s Qualities in Zohar

ﯾﻬﻮدﯾﺖّ و اﺳﻼم دو دﯾﻦ ﺑﺰرگ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎور ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺣﯿﺪ و ﯾﮕﺎﻧﮕﯽ ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ، در ﻣﺤﻮر ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﻗﺪﺳﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺮار دارد. اﯾﻦ روﯾﮑﺮد در ﮔﺮاﯾﺸﺎت ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ اﯾﻦ دو دﯾﻦ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮐﻪ زﻫُﺮ، ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﮑﺘﻮب ﻗﺒﺎّﻻي ﯾﻬﻮدي و ﻓﺼﻮص اﻟﺤﮑﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﮥ ﻣﺆﺛﺮّﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺗﺼﻮفّ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻫﺮ دو ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻮرﯾﺖّ ﺗﻮﺣﯿﺪ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. در ﻫﺮ دو اﺛﺮ، ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ داراي دو ﺷﺄن ﺗﻨﺰﯾﻬـﯽ و ﺗـﺸﺒﯿﻬﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺧﻠﻘﺖ ﮐﻪ از ﻣﯿﻞ ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻇﻬﻮر ﻧﺸﺎت ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ، ﺑـﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﮥ ﻇﻬـﻮر و ﺗﺠﻠـّﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ اﺳﺘﻮار اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﮐﻪ اوﻟّﯿﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﮥ ﺗﻌﯿﻦّ ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ، ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ﮐﺜـﺮت اﻋﺘﺒﺎري ﺷﺎن، در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻫﻮﯾﺘّﯽ واﺣﺪ دارﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺻﻮرﺗﯽ ﺧﺪااﻧﺴﺎن اﻧﮕﺎراﻧﻪ ﺑﻨﺎم آدم ﻋﻠﯿـﻮن ﯾـﺎ اﻧـﺴﺎن ﮐﺎﻣﻞ را ﻣﯽ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪ. او ﻣﻈﻬﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت، ﺗﻘﺪمّ و ﺗﻔـﻮقّ دارد ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪّ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﯾﺎن ﻋﻘﺎﯾﺪ وﺣﺪت وﺟﻮدي در زﻫُﺮ و ﻓﺼﻮص اﻟﺤﮑﻢ، آدم ﻋﻠﯿﻮن ﯾﺎ اﻧﺴﺎن ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺑـﺎ ﻫﻤﮥ ﻫﺴﺘﯽ وﺣﺪت دارد و ﻣﻨﺸﺄ و ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﮐﻠﯿﮥّ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدات ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﻧﺴﺒﺖ او ﺑﺎ ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻫﻤﭽـﻮن ﻇﺎﻫﺮ و ﻣﻈﻬﺮ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ او، ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎن دو ﮐﺘـﺎب ﻣﺰﺑـﻮر ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮﯾﮏ داﻋﯿﮥ اﻟﻬﺎﻣﯽ ﺑﻮدن ﮐﺎر ﺧﻮﯾﺶ را دارﻧﺪ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄوﯾﻞ آﯾﺎت ﻣﺘﻮن ﻣﻘﺪسّ ﮐﻮﺷﺶ ﻧﻤﻮده اﻧـﺪ ﺗـﺎ راﻫﯽ را ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺼﻮل اﯾﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آورﻧﺪ. از اﯾﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺘﻮان ﻣﺤﻮر ﺗﻔﮑﺮّ ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ زﻫُﺮ و ﻓﺼﻮص اﻟﺤﮑﻢ را آدم ﻋﻠﯿﻮن ﯾﺎ اﻧﺴﺎن ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﻠﻤﺪاد ﮐﺮد.

Judaism and Islam are two great religions believe in monotheism and place it in the centre of their sacred world. This attitude is regarded in their mystical inclinations too, so that Zohar as the most important writing in Qabbalah and Fusūs as the most influential text in Tasawwuf, are composed on the centrality of unity of God. In both texts, God is both transcendent andimmanent; and process of creation, which has been originated from God’s tendency to manifestation, is based on presentation and appearance of God’s attributes. These attributes form the first level of God’s determination and inspite of their illusory plurality, they contain a unique essence which shapes an anthropological form named “Adam Elyon” and “Perfect Man”. He is a comprehensive manifestation of divine attributes and has superiority over other creatures. According to significant role of “unity of being” doctrine in Zohar and Fusūs, Adam Elyon or Perfect Man has unity with the entire universe and is regarded as the origination of all other creatures. He is in relation to God as his manifestation; so knowing him is as the same as knowing God. The authors of these two books attempt to provide a way for acquiring this knowledge by interpretation of verses of sacred books. So, it is possible we claim that Adam Elyon and Perfect Man are in the center of mystical thought of Zohar and Fusūs.