كليدواژه :
خدا , دين , دين هندوئي , دهرمه , ستياگرهه , برهمه چريه , اهيمسا , اصلاح ديني , وحدت اديان
چكيده فارسي :
ﻣﻬﺎﺗﻤﺎ ﮔﺎﻧﺪي رﻫﺒﺮ ﻓﺮهمند اﺳﺘﻘﻼل ﻫﻨﺪ، ﮐﻪ در ﻧﯿﻤﻪ اول ﻗﺮن ﺑﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻋﻈﯿﻤﯽ را در ﺑﯿﺪاري دﯾﻨﯽ، اﺧﻼﻗﯽ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﻫﻨﺪوان اﯾﻔﺎ ﻧﻤﻮد، ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪت ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻧﮕﯿﺰه ﻫﺎي دﯾﻨﯽ، اﺧﻼﻗﯽ و ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ ﻗﺮار داﺷﺖ و ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻧﯿﺰ از ﺳﻮي ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ ﻫﻨﺪو ﺑﻪ "ﻣﻬﺎﺗﻤﺎ" ﯾﻌﻨﯽ روح ﺑﺰرگ، ﮐﻪ ﻋﻨﻮاﻧﯽ دﯾﻨﯽ و ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﺪ، ﻣﻠﻘﺐ ﮔﺸﺖ. در ﺑﯿﻨﺶ وي، دﯾﻦ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎﻫﯽ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ داﺷﺖ و از ﻫﻤﯿﻦ رو، دﯾﺪﮔﺎه هاي ﻧﻘﺎداﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ دﯾﻦ در ﺟﻬﺎن ﺟﺪﯾﺪ، دﻏﺪﻏﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺑﺮاي او ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮي اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻼﺣﯽ دﯾﻨﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ وي ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. دﯾﻦ در ﻧﮕﺎه او ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ و ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺑﻮد و از ﻫﻤﯿﻦ رو، از ﻧﻈﺮ او آدﻣﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ آﻣﻮزه ﻫﺎي دﯾﻨﯽ و اﺧﻼﻗﯽ از ﺳﻄﺢ دﯾﻦ ﻋﺒﻮر ﮐﺮده و ﺑﻪ ژرﻓﺎي آن دﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ و ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ را رو در رو ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻼش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﻬﻢ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ دﯾﻨﯽ او، ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ آراء و اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي وي در ﺣﻮزه دﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه دﯾﻦ ﻫﻨﺪوﺋﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد.
چكيده لاتين :
Mahatma Gandhi, the charismatic leader of India’s independence movement, who played a great role in religious, moral, social and political awakening of Indians in the early twentieth century, was extremely impressed by religious, moral and mystical motivations. Therefore, he was entitled Mahatma (The Great Soul) by Indian society, which is considered a mystical and religious award. In his point of view, religion had a fundamental status. Consequently, the critical viewpoints against religion in the modern world greatly concerned him and later on, brought about his religious and social reformative thoughts. In his opinion, religion was more comprehensible in practice and experience; hence, he thought that man must pass through superficial aspects of religion by practicing all religious and moral instructions, then penetrates into its depths, so that he would experience the Truth face to face. In this article, we have tried to clarify the religious dimensions of his personality, and also scrutinize simultaneously his most significant ideas and reflections on religious realm, especially on Hinduism and some subjects such as God, faith, Brahmacharya, Ahimsā, satyāgraha, unity of religions and religious reformations.
