بررسي و نقد كتاب «رشد فقرزدا»

Pro-Poor Growth; A book review

كتاب رﺷﺪ ﻓﻘﺮزدا ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻫﺸﺖ ﮐﺸﻮر ﺑﻨﮕﻼدش، ﺑﺮزﯾﻞ، ﻏﻨﺎ، ﻫﻨـﺪ، اﻧﺪوﻧﺰي،ﺗﻮﻧﺲ، وﯾﺘﻨﺎم و اوﮔﺎﻧﺪا در دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ رﺷﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﻘـﺮ ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮدازد. ﻣﺰﯾﺖ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ رﺷﺪ ﻓﻘﺮزدا اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎزﺗﻮزﯾﻊ درآﻣـﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻘﺮا ﻣﺘﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺷﻮد، ﺑﺮ اﻟﮕﻮي رﺷﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻣﺘﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و رﺷﺪ ﻣﺸـﺎرﮐﺘﯽ را ﻣﻄﺮح ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. رﺷﺪ ﻓﻘﺮزداي ﻣﻄﻠﻖ (در ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﺪ) و رﺷﺪ ﻓﻘﺮزداي ﻧﺴـﺒﯽ (در ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﮕﻼدش) در اﯾﻦ ﮐﺘﺎب ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. روﺷﻦ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﻘﺮ ﭼﻘﺪر ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ رﺷﺪ، ﻓﻘﺮزدا ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﻓﺰون ﺑﺮ آن، در اﯾﻦ ﮐﺘﺎب، رﺷﺪ ﻓﺮاﮔﯿـﺮ ﮐـﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﻋﺎم ﺗﺮ از رﺷﺪ ﻓﻘﺮزدا اﺳـﺖ، در ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳـﺖ. در اﯾـﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎي رﺷﺪ ﻓﻘﺮزداي ﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻮرﯾﺖ رﯾﺸﻪ ﮐﻨﯽ ﻓﻘﺮ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ، ﻃﯽ ﺳـﺎﻟﻬﺎي 1958 ﺗﺎ 2000 ﺑﺎ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎي رﺷـﺪ ﻓﺮاﮔﯿـﺮ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﺴـﺎﻟﻪ ﯾـﺎزدﻫﻢ و دوازد ﻫـﻢ ﻫﻨـﺪ (2007-2017) ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Delivering on the Promise of Pro-Poor Growth contributes to the debate on how to accelerate poverty reduction by providing insights from eight countries that have been relatively successful in delivering pro-poor growth: Bangladesh, Brazil, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Tunisia, Uganda, and Vietnam. It integrates growth analytics with the microanalysis of household data to determine how country policies and conditions interact to reduce poverty and to spread the benefits of growth across different income groups. It is an advantage of pro-poor growth theory that instead of focusing on redistribution of income for the poor, it focuses on the pattern of economic growth and proposes participation in growth. The absolute pro-poor growth (in the Indian experience) and relative pro-poor growth (in the Bangladesh experience) have been used in this book. It is not clear how much poverty reduction should be, in order to make the growth, pro-poor. In addition, in this book, inclusive growth, which is a more general notion than pro-poor, is not considered. In this paper, pro-poor policies in India centered around the eradication of absolute poverty during 1958 to 2000, have been compared with inclusive growth policies of the India's eleventh and twelfth development Plans during 2007-2017.