بررسي و نقد كتاب «شهرهاي ساساني از منظر تاريخ و باستان شناسي»

Sasanian Cities: Historical and Archaeological Perspectives

ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﻌﻴﻦ ﻳﺎﻓﺘه رواﺑﻂ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت اﻧﺴـﺎﻧﻲ، از ﺟﺎﻳﮕـﺎه وﻳـﮋه اي در ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ و ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه اي اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﻧﺨﺴـﺘﻴﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ و ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ اوﻟﻴﻦ ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻋﻄﻔـﻲ در ﻓﺮ اﻳﻨـﺪ ﺗﺤـﻮل و ﺗﻄـﻮر ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘه ﺷﻬﺮ و ﺷﻬﺮﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ را در آﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺪه ﻫﺎي دوران ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺬارﻧﺪ، در ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﺷـﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب ﺑﻪ ﻗﻠﻢ دﻛﺘﺮ رﺿﺎ ﻣﻬﺮآﻓﺮﻳﻦ و ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ در ﺳﺎل 1393 اﻧﺘﺸـﺎر ﻳﺎﻓﺘـﻪ اﺳـﺖ. اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﺬﻛﻮر، ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪي درﺑﺎره ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺳﺎﺳﺎﻧﻲ را ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد وﻟﻲ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻫﺮ اﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ دﻳﮕﺮي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻲ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎﻟه ﭘﻴﺶ رو ﺑﺪان ﻫﺎ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. در ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻲ، ﻧﻘﺎط ﺿﻌﻒ اﺛﺮ ﻓﻮق را ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان در ﻋﺪم ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﻴﺮي ﺟﺎﻣﻊ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ و ﭘﺎره اي اﻳﺮادات ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﻳﻲ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻛﺮد.

Cities as the cradles of social relations are considered as the significant phenomena in historical and archaeological point of views. Establishing the earliest cities, therefore, has been regarded as a crucial step in the evolution process of the societies. The Sasanian cities presenting the complicated form of the cities during the late antiquity have been investigated by Reza Mehrafarin on a book entitled ‘Sasanian Cities’. The book including worthwhile information about some Sasanian cities has been compiled after the published reports, articles, and books. Nevertheless, like as the other scientific works the book contains some deficiencies particularly in appropriate coverage of the relevant publications and partially in its content.