ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ آﮐﻮﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ واﮐﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺎده و ﻣﺮﮐﺐ ﮔﻮﯾﺶ ﮐﺮدي ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎﻫﯽ در ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﻠﻤﻪ/ﺟﻤﻠﻪ

Acoustic Analysis of Kermanshahi Kurdish Monophthongs and Diphthongs; Word/Sentence Context

ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ )ﮐﻠﻤﻪ/ﺟﻤﻠﻪ( و ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺖ ﮔﻮﯾﺸﻮران اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺻﻮتﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي اول )F1( و دوم )F2( واﮐﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺎده و ﻣﺮﮐﺐ ﮔﻮﯾﺶ ﮐﺮدي ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس 20 ﮔﻮﯾﺸﻮر ﻣﺮد و زن ﮐﻪ در ﮐﻞ 5260 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﮥ آواﯾﯽ ﺣﺎوي واﮐﻪﻫﺎي//i, e, a, ɑ, o, u, y, ɑi, au, ei, ɑu را در ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﻠﻤﻪ و ﺟﻤﻠﻪ در اﺗﺎق آﮐﻮﺳﺘﯿﮏ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ، ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ واﮐﻪﻫﺎي / y/ و / a/ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎزﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﺑﺴﺘﻪﺗﺮﯾﻦ و واﮐﻪﻫﺎي /i/ و /u/ ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻦﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﭘﺴﯿﻦﺗﺮﯾﻦ واﮐﻪﻫﺎ در اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﯾﺶاﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮِ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه، واﮐﮥ /y/ در اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﯾﺶ واﮐﮥ ﮔﺮد ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻃﺒﻖ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري، اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ F1 آﻏﺎزه در ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﻠﻤﻪ و ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار اﺳﺖ و در ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﺳﺖ، درﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ در ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪ در ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ و F2 )آﻏﺎزه و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪ( در ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﻠﻤﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ F1 و F2 در ﮔﻮﯾﺸﻮران ﻣﺮد ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ از ﮔﻮﯾﺸﻮران زن اﺳﺖ. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي اول و دوم در ﮔﻮﯾﺶ ﮐﺮدي ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎﻫﯽ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ واﮐﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﯾﺶ در ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻣﺮﮐﺰيﺷﺪﮔﯽ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ دارﻧﺪ

This study investigated the acoustic parameters of the first (F1) and the second (F2) formant frequencies of monophthongs and diphthongs in Kermanshahi Kurdish based on 5260 tokens, including /i, e, a, ɑ, o, u, y, ɑi, au, ei, ɑu/ in word and sentence context produced by 20 male and female speakers in a sound proof room. The results showed that /y/ and /a/ are close and open vowels and /i/ and /u/ are front and back vowels in this dialect, respectively. Based on the mean value, /y/ in this dialect is a rounded vowel. According to the statistical analysis, the mean difference in F1 onset was significant in word and sentence context; this amount was higher in word context than sentence context, whereas in offset it was higher in sentence context. The F2 onset and offset have a lower amount in word context than sentence context. Overall, F1 and F2 were lower in male speakers than female speakers.