گسست و پيوست امت اسلامي در انديشۀ سياسي مودودي

SEGREGATION an‎d UNITY OF THE ISLAMIC UMMAH IN THE POLITICAL THOUGHT OF ABUL A’LA MAUDUDI

به‌رغم تأكيد منابع و متون اسلامي بر تأسيس امت واحدۀ اسلامي و تشكيل آن در قرون اوليه، اين مهم به دلايلي به‌تدريج دچار افتراق و گسست سياسي شد. اين امر ناشي از رفتار سياسي نادرست نخبگان سياسي و نيز برداشت ناصحيح از منظومۀ فكري اسلام و جايگزين شدن عناصر جديد در هندسۀ معرفتي مسلمانان است. مودودي دو عامل ظهور نظم سلطاني در حاكميت اسلامي پس از خلفاي راشدين توسط معاويه و به انزوا كشيده شدن خلافت انسان را كه با روش‌هاي دموكراتيك در دورۀ خلفاي راشدين معمول بود، مهم‌ترين عنصر مؤثر در انشقاق وحدت اسلامي مي‌خواند. هدف اين پژوهش بررسي عوامل گسست و پيوست سياسي امت اسلامي و همچنين راهبرد بازسازي آن از منظر مودودي است. دليل اهميت اين تحقيق اين است كه مودودي از انديشمندان بزرگ معاصر تأثيرگذار بر گروه‌هاي سلفي است كه امروزه به‌نوعي از آنها به‌عنوان عامل گسست امت اسلامي ياد مي‌شود. اين نوشتار داده‌ها و اطلاعات لازم را به شيوۀ اسنادي گردآوري مي‌كند و با روش تفسيري به تحليل آن از ديدگاه مودودي مي‌پردازد.

In spite of the emphasis on Islamic sources and texts on the establishment of the Islamic Ummah and its formation in the early Islamic centuries, this issue gradually began to differentiate and experiences a political segregation. This is due to the incorrect political behavior of the political elites and the incorrect understanding of the Islamic intellectual system when the new elements were replaced in the knowledge sysytem of Muslims. Maududi describes two factors as the most important elements in the split of Islamic unity.The first one was emergence of Soltani's system of ruling in Islamic state by Muawiya after four Caliphs and the second was isolation of the human caliphate, which was common with the democratic methods during the four Caliphs period. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors of Islamic political segregation as well as the strategy for its reconstruction from Maududi's perspective. The significance of this research is because of the fact that Maududi is one of the great contemporary Islamic thinkers who has been influencing the Salafist groups, which are nowadays are known as the cause of the breakup of and segregation in Islamic Ummah. This article compiles the necessary data and information in a documentary manner and interprets it in an analytical way from the perspective of Maududi.