بررسي اثرگذاري قابليت‌هاي مديران ، بر اطمينان بيش‌ازحد و نگرش در انتخاب راهبرد

Investigating the Effects of Managerial Ability on Overconfidence and Attitude of Managers in Choosing Corporation’s Strategy

كيفيت مديريت به‌عنوان يكي از مهم‌ترين منابع ايجادكننده ارزش و سودآوري در آينده كسب‌ و كار شركت‌ها شناسايي شده است. نگرش و توانايي مديران موجب شده است كه آنان براي پيشبرد اهداف سازمان، راهبردهايي (استراتژي‌هايي) را برگزينند تا به‌زعم خود عملكرد سازمان را بهبود بخشند؛ اما هنگامي‌كه مديران، احساسات شخصي و هنجارهاي اخلاقي را در تصميم‌هاي خود درگير سازند، منطقي بودن آنان موردترديد قرار گرفته و در اصطلاح، شكل غيرمنطقي به خود مي‌گيرد كه يكي از اين رفتارهاي غيرمنطقي، اطمينان بيش‌ازحد است؛ اين نوع از رفتار مي‌تواند بر خط‌مشي آتي سازمان تأثيرگذار باشد. هدف اصلي پژوهش حاضر بررسي تجربي تأثير قابليت‌هاي مديران بر ميزان اطمينان بيش‌ازحد آنان و نگرش در انتخاب راهبرد سازمان است؛ ازاين‌رو نمونة آماري پژوهش، شامل 93 شركت پذيرفته‌شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران، در بازه زماني 1383 تا 1393 است. نتايج حاصل از تجزيه‌وتحليل‌هاي آماري حاكي از آن است كه رابطه‌اي منفي و معنادار بين قابليت‌هاي مديران و اطمينان بيش‌ازحد وجود دارد؛ به سخني ديگر، هراندازه كه مقامات ارشد سازمان توانمندتر باشند، از ميزان اطمينان بيش‌ازحد آنان كاسته خواهد شد؛ همچنين نتايج نشان‌دهندة رابطة معنادار بين قابليت‌هاي مديران و نوع نگرش آنان در انتخاب راهبرد سازماني است.

Introduction According to recent studies, management quality has a vital role in the ability of value creation and profitability of the future of companies. Therefore, a competent and efficient manager is a profitable source for company, who is considered as a goodwill or an intangible asset. Moreover, attitude and ability of the managers may lead to choosing the strategies that can improve the performance of organization. But, when managers involve personal feeling and moral norms in their decisions, their logicality can be doubtful and considered as an irrational form. One of these irrational behaviours is overconfidence which can affect the organization's future policy. In this regard, the main objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of managers’ ability on their overconfidence and choosing the corporate strategies. Research Questions or Hypothesis The research hypotheses are as follows: First main hypothesis: Managerial ability has a significant effect on managers' overconfidence. Second main hypothesis: Managerial ability has a significant effect on choosing the type of firm strategy. First subsidiary hypothesis: Managerial ability has a significant effect on cost leadership strategy. Second subsidiary hypothesis: Managerial ability has a significant effect on differentiation strategy. Methodology This study is an ex-post research with a quasi-experimental design. The sample consists of 93 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2005-2015. Excel software, DEA Frontier and Eviews8 were used for preparing the data and statistically analysis, respectively. Results Based on statistical analysis, the results suggested that there is a negative relationship between managers’ ability and overconfidence. In addition, the results obtained from testing the hypotheses showed a significant relationship between the abilities of the managers and their type of attitude in choosing corporation’s strategy. Discussion and Conclusion In conclusion, as much as senior officials are more efficient, their overconfidence is reduced. Furthermore, with an increase in the managers’ ability, their attitude to choosing cost leadership strategy will be decreased and they will tend to choose differentiation strategy.