ﮐﺸﺶ ﻫﻤﺨﻮان در زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ

Consonantal Compensatory Lengthening in Persian

ﻣﻘﺎﻟﮥ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب واج ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﻮراﯾﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ راﺑﻄﮥ ﻣﯿﺎن دو وﯾﮋﮔﯽِ ﻧﻮاﯾﯽِ ﮐﺸﺶِ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﯽ و وزن ﻫﺠﺎ در زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪاﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﮐﺸﺶِ ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﯽِ ﻫﻤﺨﻮان ﭘﺲ از ﮐﻮﺗﺎه ﺷﺪن درزﻣﺎﻧﯽ واﮐﻪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. داده ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، ﺻﻮرت ﻫﺎﯾﯽ را ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ در آﻧﻬﺎ، ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﺎدﻗﯽ 1392، ﻫﻤﺨﻮان آﻏﺎزﯾﻦ ﺳﺘﺎك ﻫﺎي ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ﭘﺲ از ﭘﯿﺸﻮﻧﺪﻫﺎي اﻣﺮيِ ﻣﺨﺘﻮم ﺑﻪ واﮐﮥ ﮐﻮﺗﺎه، اﻣﮑﺎن ﻣﺸﺪد ﺷﺪن داﺷﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﮥ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ ﻣﻮراﯾﯽ، ﺷﺎﻫﺪ دﯾﮕﺮي در ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﯽِ اﻣﺮوز، ﮐﺸﺶ واﮐﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻫﻤﺨﻮان ﻫﺎ ارزش واﺟﯽ ﻧﺪارد و ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪوﺟﻮد ﻧﻤﯽ آورد، اﻣﺎ ارزش ﮐﻤﯽ دارد و ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰ وزﻧﯽ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. در ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ ﻣﻮراﯾﯽ، ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰ وزﻧﯽ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻫﺠﺎﻫﺎي ﺳﺒﮏ، ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ و ﻓﻮقِﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ، ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻮراﻫﺎي اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي زﻧﺠﯿﺮي ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي واﺟﯽ ﺣﺴﺎس ﺑﻪ وزن ﻫﺠﺎ، ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮐﺸﺶ ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﯽِ واﮐﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻫﻤﺨﻮان ﻫﺎ، ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺣﻔﻆ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻮراﻫﺎ و ﺛﺒﺎت وزﻧﯽ ﻫﺠﺎ، ﺑﻪوﻗﻮع ﻣﯽ ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪﻧﺪ.

This article presents a moraic description of the relation between two prosodic features in Persian: segmental lengthening and syllable weight. The data contains imperative forms in which the initial consonant of verbal stems may undergo compensatory lengthening following the diachronically shortened vowel of the imperative prefixes. The result of analyzing the data in Moraic Theory provides us with more evidence in support of the idea that vowel or consonant lengthening has no phonemic value and makes no semantic distinction (considering minimal pairs) in modern Persian, however it causes differences in the quantity of syllable weight. In the framework of Moraic Phonology, the distinction among light, heavy and super-heavy syllables is represented by the number of moras assigned to the syllable segments and weight sensitive phonological processes like compensatory lengthening of vowels and consonants apply in order to keep the number of moras unchanged and set the syllable weight fixed.