ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ ﻣﻌﺎدلﻫﺎي اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ در ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ: ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻮردي واژه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺼﻮب ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﺴﺘﺎن ﺳﻮم از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﺳﺎزي

A Comparative Study of English Equivalents in Persian: Case Study of Approved Terms by the Third Academy from Viewpoint of Standardization

ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮدن ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ زﺑﺎن، ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﺳﺎزي اﺳﺖ. ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﺴﺘﺎن زﺑﺎن و ادب ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﻧﻬﺎد ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي زﺑﺎﻧﯽ، ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﺳﺎزي ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ، ﻓﻨﯽ و ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ در ﺣﻮزه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ را در دﺳﺘﻮر ﮐﺎر ﺧﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن رﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ از زﺑﺎن ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﺧﻮد ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺒﺎدل ﻧﻈﺮ و داﻧﺶ ﻓﻨﯽ ﺑﻬﺮة ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﺒﺮﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ازﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف از ﻧﻮع ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺮي، ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﯾﻨﻔﻮﺗﺮم و روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ و ﺑﻪﺷﯿﻮة ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در دو ﺑﺨﺶ اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺳﺖ. در ﺑﺨﺶ اول ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، واژه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺼﻮب ﺳﯿﺰده دﻓﺘﺮ (1376-1395) از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﺳﺎزي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮐﻞ واژه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺼﻮب )1 ،(32800- ﺣﺪود 18 درﺻﺪ ﯾﻪ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ارﺟﺎع داده ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ؛ 2- ﺣﺪود 4 درﺻﺪ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮده اﻧﺪ؛ 3- ﺣﺪود 2 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﺶ از ﯾﮏ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ واژﮔﺎﻧﯽ اﺷﺎره داﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. در ﺑﺨﺶ دوم ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، روﻧﺪ ﮐﺎر ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﺴﺘﺎن زﺑﺎن و ادب ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﺳﺎزي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ رﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ داده ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﯿﺶ از 100 واژه از ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ (اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ- ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ) در 25 رﺷﺘﮥ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ اﺳﺖ. از ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎي اﻧﺠﺎمﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻧﺎﺑﺴﺎﻣﺎﻧﯽ، وﺟﻮد ﺗﮑﺜﺮ اﺻﻄﻼﺣﯽ و ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ در ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ ﻣﺤﺮز اﺳﺖ و ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﺳﺎزي اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﮐﺎري ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﺴﺘﺎن ﺳﻮم ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد

Standardization is one of the main processes in promoting a language's position. The Academy of Persian Language and Literature as a language planning institution can standardize its new scientific, technical and specialized terms in different fields in order to enable experts of scientific fields use their native language for exchanging information and technical knowledge. This research is theoretical within the framework of Infoterm and it is exploratory with content analysis methodology which is done in two parts. In first part of the research, the approved terms of Academy of Persian Language and Literature, from first to thirteenth pamphlets (1376-1395), are studied from the viewpoint of standardization. The study of the total of approved terms revealed: 1- about 18% of them are referred to each other, 2- about 4% of them are polysemic, and 3- about 2% of them have more than one lexical entry with different equivalents. In the second part of the research, the activities of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature in relation to the standardization of specialized dictionaries in scientific fields are studied. The primary data include more than 100 words from specialized English–Persian dictionaries in 25 scientific fields. The study showed disorders and multiplicity of terms and concepts in the specialized dictionaries; therefore, the standardization of these dictionaries can be considered as a priority for the Academy of Persian Language and Literature.