بررسي توزيع عوامل شناخته شده معلوليت، در خانواده هاي داراي فرزندان معلول جسمي و ذهني شهرستان خميني شهر

The Distribution of Known Disability Factors In Families of Children with Physical or Mental Disability in Khomeyni-Shahr

مقدمه: پژوهش حاضر كه تحقيقي توصيفي و از شاخه ميداني است، با هدف بررسي توزيع عوامل شناخته شده معلوليت، در خانواده هاي داراي فرزندان معلول جسمي و ذهني شهرستان خميني شهر انجام شده است. روش بررسي: تعداد 252 نفر از افراد دچار معلوليت، با روش نمونه گيري تصادفي طبقه اي متناسب انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوري اطلاعات پرسش نامه محقق ساخته 35سوالي بوده و براي تجزيه وتحليل اطلاعات، از آزمون تي و مجذور خي استفاده شده است. يافته ها: نتايج نشان داد كه اكثر مادران (56/7 درصد) با همسر خود نسبت فاميلي دارند. 27/8 درصد در دروان بارداري معروض ضرب وشتم قرار گرفته اند. نيز 21/8 درصد در دوران بارداري، دچار تصادفات و ضربه به شكم شده و 66/7 درصد تحت نظر پزشك متخصص نبوده اند. اكثر مادران (67/9درصد) از خطرناك بودن ازدواج فاميلي و 77 درصد از خطرناك بودن بارداري، بعد از 35سالگي آگاهي نداشتند. اكثر آن ها (69/9 درصد) نمي دانستند كه نبايد بدون تجويز پزشك دارو مصرف كنند. همچنين 48 درصد، در دوران بارداري، به مشكلات عصبي دچار بوده اند. همين طور، 40/1 درصد زايمان سخت و طولاني داشته، 27/8 درصد در نوزادي حادثه اي براي فرزندشان ايجاد شده و 43/3 درصد معلولان، در نوزادي دچار تب و تشنج شده اند. نتيجه گيري: بين ازدواج فاميلي و تعداد معلولان اين شهرستان (0/01>P) و بين عوامل فرهنگي و تعداد معلولان (0/001>P) ، رابطه معني داري وجود دارد؛ پس، لازم است بخش اعظم برنامه هاي پيش گيري از معلوليت ها، به تاسيس و گسترش مراكز مشاوره ژنتيك و فراگير كردن امكانات مشاوره ازدواج و بارداري و ارائه آموزش هاي لازم به مادران باردار و همسرانشان اختصاص يابد.

Objective: The current study, which is a descriptive – analytical study, was conducted to investigate the distribution of known disability-causing factors in families with physically and mentally disabled children in Khomeyni-Shahr County. Method & Material: Stratified random sampling was done to select 252 disabled individuals. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing 35 questions. T-test and Chi square were used to analyze the data. Results: Most of the mothers had blood relations with their husbands (56.7%), and 27.8% of them had been physically abused during their pregnancies. 21.8% had had accidents during their pregnancies and had incurred trauma to the abdomen. 66.7% had not received specialized prenatal care. Most (67.9%) mothers were unaware of the risk of cousin marriage, and 77% were unaware of the risk of pregnancy after the age of 35. Mostly (69.9%) they did not know that they should not take medications without prescription. 48% had experienced psychological problems during their pregnancies. 40.1% had gone through difficult and lengthy labors. 27.8% of the disabled subjects had had some accident during their infancy and 43.3% of them had experienced febrile convulsions during their infancy. Conclusion: There were significant associations between cousin marriages and the numbers of disabled individuals (p<0.01) and cultural factors (p<0.001) in this county. Hence, a great share of disability prevention programs should focus on the establishment and expansion of Genetic Counseling centers. Furthermore, all-encompassing facilities should be developed for marriage and prenatal counseling and mothers and fathers alike should receive the necessary training.