بازنمايي روشنفكر در سينماي ايران (تحليل روايت چهار فيلم در دهه هاي 1340 تا 1380)

Representation of Intellectual in the Iranian cinema

مقاله حاضر درصدد است تا نحوه بازنمايي روشنفكر را در سينماي دهه هاي 1340-1370 توصيف كند و به تفسير مناسبات اجتماعي اين بازنمود بپردازد. ازاين رو، با مبنا قرار دادن نظريه «روشنفكران» «گرامشي» و نظريه «بازنمايي»، چهار فيلم با اتخاذ روش «تحليل روايت»، بررسي شده است تا رابطه هريك از روشنفكران بازنمايي شده با بافت اجتماعي خويش مشخص گردد. درنهايت اين نتايج حاصل شد كه روشنفكران نه به صورت مستقل، بلكه در پيوند با طبقات اجتماعي ويژه اي عمل مي كنند و نگاه ايدئولوژيك به آنان در هر فيلم نيز به ايدئولوژي هاي خاص هر دوره گره خورده است. همچنين از مقايسه روند اين بازنمايي آشكار شد كه در دهه منتهي به انقلاب و دهه اول پس از انقلاب، روشنفكر در رابطه با «امر سياسي» مطرح شده است اما با سپري شدن دهه اول انقلاب و پايان يافتن جنگ، روشنفكر دهه هفتاد در جست وجوي نقش تازه اي برآمده است و، در رابطه با «امر اجتماعي» مطرح شده است.

Great changes including Islamic revolution and war have been happened in Iran, during Seventies to nineties; and it has an unbreakable bond with the intellectuals who act as key player of these changes. This research attempts to review the intellectual person that represented by the cinema in this era, and to interpret the social relations nurturing him. In order to achieve the purpose, selected movies from mentioned decades have been analyzed in-textually and hyper-textually through the "narrative analysis" method and considering the intellectual theory of "Gramsci" and theory of "representation" in the media studies. therefore the relationship between each of represented intellectuals with their social context, the relationship he does with the power and the ideology of observing him, have been revealed. It has been concluded that, the intellectuals in the movies act belong to special social classes; and also the ideology of looking at him in each movies has been tied to particular ideologies in its era. Finally, it has been revealed through comparing this process, the represented intellectuals have been related to ''political issue", and their freedom of actions has been limited or developed by moving away or approaching the power ideology in the decade leading up to the Islamic revolution and the first decade after that, but the intellectual of nineties decade has been looked for a new role and has been related to "social issues" after passing the first decade of the revolution and war ending and fading the revolutionary ideals.