تحليل جغرافيايي نوع و پراكندگي جرائم طي فصول سال در نواحي روستايي شهرستان نيمروز

Geographical Analysis of Type and Dispersion of Crimes During Seasons in Rural Areas Nimrooz county

جرم و انحراف از هنجارهاي رسمي تاريخچه‌اي به قدمت زندگي انسان دارد و از زمان‌هاي بسيار دور توجه انديشمندان را جلب كرده است. درواقع جرم و انحراف، چراغ پرخطري است كه نشان از كمبودها و نقايص جامعه و معمولاً علل و عوامل مختلفي دارد. نواحي روستايي نيز از اين پديده مستثني نبوده‌اند و به‌ويژه در سال‌هاي اخير بر جرم و جنايت در نواحي روستايي ايران افزوده شده است؛ از اين رو اين پژوهش به دنبال بررسي نوع و پراكندگي جرائم طي فصول سال در نواحي روستايي شهرستان نيمروز است. روش پژوهش توصيفي ـ تحليلي مبتني بر مطالعات كتابخانه‌اي - ميداني (پرسش‌نامه) است. تجزيه‌وتحليل اطلاعات با نرم‌افزار SPSS و GIS، انجام و از آزمون‌هاي آنوا، كروسكال واليس، ضريب همبستگي اسپيرمن، مدل‌هاي آنتروپي شانون، الكتره و تحليل مسير استفاده شده است. نتايج پژوهش مبين اين واقعيت است كه با توجه به سطح معناداري آزمون آنوا (0/000) و همچنين نتايج روش آنتروپي كه ميزان تفاوت انواع جرائم را نسبت به يكديگر به ما نشان داد، نوع جرائم در نواحي روستايي شهرستان نيمروز طي فصول سال متفاوت است؛ همچنين با توجه به مدل الكتره و سطح معناداري آزمون كروسكال واليس (0/000)، پراكندگي جرائم در نواحي روستايي شهرستان نيمروز طي فصول سال متفاوت و مقدار ضريب همبستگي به‌دست‌آمده از شاخص‌هاي اقتصادي (0/995) زياد است. مدل تحليل مسير نشان داد نوع جرائم در نواحي روستايي شهرستان نيمروز بيشتر متأثر از عوامل اقتصادي است.

Introduction Man is a social existence and he is affected by various factors which are in his surroundings and interacts them. Man forces to accept the values and norms of the society when he lives therein and between human beings some of them ignore these values and norms and they could not adopt themselves with these Standards.They form a phenomenon which is called crime with violation of the values and norms. Actually crime is a multidimensional phenomenon that its occurrence depends on a complex set of variables and factors. Sociology ,criminology, architecture and geography investigate this phenomenon from a especial perspective . Crimes are usually a serious threat for life and personal integrity and properties of human beings and they have heavy scraps such as human suffering, wasting of economic sources, frustration of people and general deterioration in quality of life. Committing to crime in rural areas structure plays role as dilemmas or anomalies however this dilemma in villages are less than urban areas. But it is one of the significant problems in rural areas. Because the tendency to attitude to crime is observed in rural areas that is affected by the influence of cultures and urban deviancies and in recent decades crime has increased in rural areas. In addition the distribution of the crime is not similar in the area geographically and the kind of crime depends on the especial properties of that area. Several factors are affective in forming primary factors for violating the law and committing the crime by human beings such as created temptation, space and environment. Therefore, geographical space of an area has a vital role in law enforcement and administration of justice. So information about the place, kind of crime ,number of crime and also considering social, economic, skeletal information and in groups of crime and problematic areas will help worthy in analysis and policy for vulnerable groups. On this basis present study with geographical perspective aims to explain, analyze and assess the kind and distribution of crimes in rural settlements of Nimrooz county. Material and method Research method in this study is descriptive-analytical and it has two subdivisions for accomplishment as the other researches. The first part is related to documentary and library studies to investigate the cases like theoretical literature of the research subject and history and the second part is in the form of field study and survey to collect the information and then to edit and to complete the questionnaire. Data analysis is done through SPSS and GIS software and ANOVA examinations‚ Kruskal Wallis‚ Spearman correlation coefficient and Shannon entropy models, Electre and path analysis test were used. Discussion and result Crime and deviation of official norms has a history dating back to human life and it has been of interest of scholars from very ancient times. Actually crime and deviation is a dangerous light which reflects shortcomings and weaknesses of society and usually has different causes. In addition the distribution of the crime is not similar in the area geographically and the kind of crime depends on the especial properties of the area. The findings of research showed in investigating the kinds of crime during the seasons of the year, crimes such as theft of agricultural products and conflict in the spring, stealing home in the summer and autumn and winter livestock theft have the highest frequency. In the study of the distribution of crime during the seasons of the year the summer with 35/7 percent and the winter with 31/6 percent have the highest frequency and also about investigating the effect of economic, social and skeletalenvironmental factors on the kinds of crime in rural areas economic factors have the greatest impact. Conclusion The kind and distribution of the crime in rural areas of Nimrooz county is different considering the time and place. Most crimes happen in the summer and winter in time and in Ghaemabad and Adimi villages in terms of location and also the most important factors in occurrence the crime are economic factors.