مقايسه‌ ي خرده‌ مقياس‌هاي سيستم فعال‌ ساز رفتاري تئوري اصلي حساسيت به تقويت گري در بيماران وابسته به مت‌آمفتامين و مواد اپيوئيدي

Comparison of behavioral activation subscales of Gray’s original reinforcement sensitivity theory in opioid and methamphetamine dependent patients

مقدمه: رابطه­ ي بين خرده ­سيستم ­هاي فعال­ساز رفتاري با وابستگي به مت ­آمفتامين و اپيوئيدها كه شايع­ترين مواد مورد سوءمصرف در ايران هستند، هنوز مشخص نشده است.هدف اين پژوهش مقايسه ­ي خرده­ سيستم ­هاي فعال­ ساز و سيتم بازداري رفتاري در بيماران وابسته به مت ­آمفتامين و مواد اپيوئيدي با افراد سالم بود. روش­ كار: در اين مطالعه­ ي مورد - شاهدي، بيماران وابسته به مت ­آمفتامين و مواد اپيوئيدي (25 نفر در هر گروه) كه در شش ماه اول سال 1391 به كلينيك ­هاي خودمعرف ترك اعتياد سطح شهر مشهد براي درمان وابستگي مراجعه كرده­ بودند با نمونه­ گيري هدفمند انتخاب شده و با 25 فرد سالم همتا در مقياس بازداري و فعال­سازي رفتاري (BAS/BIS) مقايسه شدند. براي تحليل داده­ها از آزمون مجذور خي، آزمون تحليل واريانس يك­راهه و تحليل واريانس چندمتغيري استفاده شد. يافته ­ها: نمرات خرده­مقياس سايق سيستم فعال­ساز رفتاري (BAS-DR) در بيماران وابسته به مت ­آمفتامين بالاتر از اپيوئيدي بود (0/01>P) و بين افراد سالم و دو گروه بيمار، تفاوت معني­داري وجود نداشت (0/05P). نمرات سومين خرده ­مقياس سيستم فعال­ساز رفتار يعني تنوع­طلبي (BAS-FS) در بيماران وابسته به مواد اپيوئيدي كمتر از افراد سالم بود (0/05>P) و تفاوتي بين افراد سالم و وابسته به مت ­آمفتامين وجود نداشت (0/05

Introduction: The relationship of behavioral activation subsystems with methamphetamine and opioids dependency, which are the most commonly used illicit substances in Iran, is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the behavioral activation subsystems and behavioral inhibition system of opioid and methamphetamine dependents with those of healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, two groups of methamphetamine and opioids dependents (25 cases on each group) were selected through purposeful method from patients admitted to substance rehabilitation centers of Mashhad, Iran, during March to September 2012. A group of 25 healthy cases (non-addict) were also matched as the control group. Data was collected using Carver and White’s BAS/BIS scales and analyzed using Chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance, and multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The methamphetamine-dependents group had a higher BAS-DR subscale score than the opioid dependent group (P<0.01), but in neither group these scores were significantly different from the BAS-DR scores of healthy subjects (P>0.05). The BAS-RR scores of the methamphetamine-dependents group were higher than the other two groups (P<0.05). The scores of BAS-FS subscale of the control group was higher than in the opioid-dependent group (P<0.05), but was no difference from the scores of methamphetamine-dependent patients (P>0.05). There was no difference between the three groups in terms of scores of behavioral inhibition system (P>0.05). Conclusion: The difference of BAS subscales of patients with different substance dependencies from those of healthy subjects confirms the role of reward deficiency syndrome in the substance use disorder. Also, methamphetamine and opioid dependencies were found to have a duration-dependent impact on the behavioral activation subsystems.