مطالعهٔ عوامل اجتماعي‌ فرهنگي مؤثر بر اشتغال ناشنوايان

The Study of socio-Cultural Factors Affected on Deafs’ Employment

هدف: اشتغال نقش مهم و تأثيرگذاري بر جنبه‌هاي رواني، فردي، اجتماعي و اقتصادي زندگي انسان مي‌گذارد. يكي از عوامل اثرگذار در دست‌يابي به اشتغال، سلامت جسمي از جمله داشتن حس شنوايي سالم است. هنگامي كه اين حس آسيب ديده باشد، باعث اختلال شنوايي يا كم‌شنوايي مي‌شود كه مي‌تواند منجر به ناشنوايي در فرد گردد. ناشنوايي بار اقتصادي و اجتماعي سنگيني بر خانواده و جامعه دارد. اغلب باعث ايجاد مشكلات در يافتن و حفظ شغل، در افراد داراي اين مشكل، مي‌شود. با توجه به اهميت اين مسئله، هدف از مطالعهٔ حاضر تعيين عوامل اجتماعي‌فرهنگي مؤثر بر اشتغال ناشنوايان بود. روش‌بررسي: پژوهش حاضر پيمايشي بوده و جامعهٔ آماري نيز ناشنوايان شهر يزد بودند. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول كوكران مشخص شد و تعداد 309 نفر تعيين گرديد. روش نمونه‌گيري استفاده‌ شده تصادفي ساده و ابزار پژوهش جهت جمع‌آوري داده‌ها، پرسش‌نامه بود. داده‌هاي به‌دست‌آمده با استفاده از رگرسيون خطي چندگانه (در نرم‌افزار SPSS) و مدل معادلات ساختاري (در نرم افزم Amos) با سطح معناداري 0٫05 (95 درصد اطمينان) در دو بخش مجزا تجزيه‌ و تحليل گرديدند. يافته‌ها: بر اساس نتايج تحليل رگرسيون خطي چندگانه و با توجه به مقدار احتمال، برآورد اثرات ضمانت‌هاي اجرايي كار (0/020=P) و تعهدات كار (0٫001>p) و مهارت كاري (0٫001>p) و احساس‌مسئوليت كاري (0٫001>p)، مي‌توان گفت كه اين چهار متغير به‌صورت معناداري اشتغال ناشنوايان را پيش‌بيني مي‌كنند. نتايج معادلات ساختاري نيز نشان داد كه متغيرهاي هويت‌كاري (0٫20) و احساس‌ مسئوليت‌ كاري (0٫38)، بيشترين مقدار واريانس اشتغال ناشنوايان را تبيين مي‌كنند. نتيجه‌گيري: با توجه به يافته‌هاي به‌ دست‌ آمده از پژوهش حاضر، مي‌توان گفت كه عوامل اجتماعي‌ فرهنگي مي‌توانند بر روي اشتغال ناشنوايان تأثير گذاشته و اشتغال ناشنوايان را جهت دهند.

Background & Objective: The principal means of providing income (income) in the present age is to have a decent job. Employment is one of the most important things that makes sense to human life. Because the survival of the community and the presence of each person requires work and activity. It plays a vital role in the psychological, individual, social, and economic aspects of human life and promotes self-esteem, health and morale in a person and influences the independence of his social role. Employment creates an opportunity for social communication with others. One of the most influential factors in achieving employment is physical health, including having a healthy hearing sense. When this feeling is damaged, it causes hearing impairment, or hearing loss, which leads to deafness in the individual. Deafness is a communicative defect and the most common sensory impairment that causes a lack of cognitive and social development in a person and has adverse effects on his social compatibility and social interactions. In part leads to the elimination of the person from the communication that He has a profound impact on his everyday life and causes isolation in the individual. In addition to the above, deafness has a massive economic and social burden on the family and society, which often causes problems in finding and retaining jobs in people who are experiencing this problem. Indeed, the unemployment rate of the deaf is higher than other members of the community and is more involved with occupational issues than other groups and minorities in the society, and terms of access to occupational spaces, and lack of attention to deaf employment, in addition to adverse outcomes Economic has negative social and cultural consequences. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the socio-cultural factors affecting the depression of the deaf. Methods: The present study is a survey, and the statistical population of the Deaf research is Yazd, which was obtained through the welfare organisation and According to the number of people in the statistical population (1577 people), the Cochran formula was used to collect a sample size of which 309 people identified. The sampling method was a simple random sampling method using the lottery method. According to the list prepared by the Welfare Organization, for each member of the community code (from 1 to 1577), according to the size of the sample, among the persons listed in the list, the order of the lot to the required number Sample subjects were selected and A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Content validity was used to determine the credibility of the questionnaire. So, after studying the literature resources and subject matter and relevant research questions, questionnaires were designed and designed a questionnaire intended for experts and suggested suggestions about the reagents. By applying them, the reagents as reagents Concepts were selected. A pre-test conducted with 30 respondents who were part of the original sample to assess the reliability of the research tool. Next, the Cronbach's alpha was calculated using SPSS software. The evaluated items finalised in the form of the main questionnaire and the research data were collected using it. For analysing and describing the demographic (general) characteristics of respondents, descriptive statistics and data analysis were used by inferential statistics method of multiple linear regression (synchronous method) using SPSS software (version 23). Also, the Structural model equations were used to study the proposed hypothesised model based on the theory. Amos software used. Results: The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that there was a significant difference between executing agent warranties (P<0.02), job commitment (P<0.000), skill (P<0.001), sense of responsibility (P<0.000). There was a positive and significant relationship with deafness employment, which predicts 23% of deafness employment and the results of structural equations showed that the variables of work identity (0.20) and the sense of work responsibility (0.38) explained the highest amount of variance in deaf employment. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it can be stated that socio-cultural factors can affect the deafness of the occupation and give the deaf employment. Therefore, attention to socio-cultural factors in deafness is necessary.