كليدواژه :
جايگاه حقوقي , وضعيت , موانع , مشاركت , فعاليت‌هاي ورزشي , معلولان
چكيده فارسي :
هدف: مشاركت معلولان در فعاليت‌هاي ورزشي باعث شادابي، اجتماعي‌شدن، افزايش اعتمادبه‌نفس و اميد به زندگي آن‌ها مي‌شود. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسي جايگاه حقوقي و وضعيت و موانع مشاركت معلولان در فعاليت‌هاي ورزشي در استان گلستان است.
روش‌بررسي: تحقيق حاضر از نظر هدف كاربردي و از جهت جمع‌آوري اطلاعات توصيفي و پيمايشي بود. جامعهٔ آماري اين پژوهش را تمامي معلولان جسمي و حركتي ورزشكار در استان گلستان تشكيل دادند كه 173 نفر به‌صورت تصادفي انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوري داده‌ها، پرسشنامهٔ محقق‌ساخته بود كه استادان، روايي صوري آن را تأييد كردند. همساني دروني پرسشنامه بااستفاده از ضريب آلفاي كرونباخ، براي كل پرسشنامه، 0٫87 به‌دست آمد. براي تجزيه و تحليل داده‌ها از روش‌هاي آمار توصيفي، ضريب همبستگي پيرسون، آزمون فريدمن و آزمون تي با نمونه‌اي مستقل در سطح خطاي 5درصد در همهٔ آزمون‌ها٬ بااستفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخهٔ 21 به‌كار گرفته شد.
يافته‌ها: بررسي ميانگين رتبه‌ها در ميان فعاليت‌هاي معلولان نشان داد كه شركت در فعاليت‌هاي ورزشي جزو كمترين رتبه‌هاست. از بين 18 شاخص وضعيت حقوقي معلولان، تنها 3 شاخص «حق آموزش و فرصت برابر، احترام به منزلت ذاتي، برخورداري از حق آزادي و امنيت فردي» در سطح مطلوب (بيشتر از 3) قرار داشتند. بين موانع و ميزان فعاليت معلولان در سطح خطاي 0٫01 درصد، رابطهٔ منفي و معنادار وجود داشت (0٫001>p و 0٫393-=r) كه مهمترين مانع مشاركت معلولان در ورزش، موانع اقتصادي بود.
نتيجه‌گيري: براساس يافته‌هاي اين پژوهش حمايت اقتصادي و اجتماعي معلولان از عوامل مؤثر بر افزايش مشاركت اين افراد در فعاليت‌هاي ورزشي است.
چكيده لاتين :
Background & Objective: Disability in human societies dates back to the history of humanity and the extent of disability in the world is
irrefutable. According to a report published by the World Health Organization, about 1.5% of the world's population is disabled. The existence
of millions of disabled people around the world has raised the issue of disability as a global issue and the issue of human rights of people with
disabilities is one of the greatest challenges of today's societies. Therefore, the rights of disabled people have been attentive to the United Nations
and other international organizations over a long period of time. The UN General Assembly, in its most important step in 2006, approved the
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its related optional protocol. The purpose of this Convention is to protect the rights of
persons with disabilities from all human rights and fundamental freedoms and to promote respect for their inherent dignity. One of the basic
rights of persons with disabilities is the right to participate in sports activities. Because the participation of the disabled in sports activities has
increased the level of happiness, self-confidence, independence, socialization and life expectancy. The aim of this survey was to investigate
environmental barriers to participation in physical activity through a legal perspective.
Methods: The research was practical in purpose and data collection method was descriptive – survey. The study population of this study includes
all physically and mentally handicapped people in Golestan province, of whom 173 individuals were selected through random sampling. The
research instruments for were a questionnaire designed by Poorrnjbar (1393), Zebardast (1395), Text Convention on the Rights of Disabled
Persons (Jan Ghorban & Zare, 1390) and other specialized texts, whose validity was confirmed by the professors. The internal consistency of
the questionnaire was obtained by using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole questionnaire (alpha = 87/0). The Friedman test, t test
and Pearson1 correlation coefficient were used to test the research hypotheses. Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software (version 21) was
used to analyze the data.
Results: Research findings on the description and prioritization of the average rating among types of activities of the disabled persons in leisure
time showed that participation in sports activities was among the lowest rank. Among the 18 indicators of the legal status of the disabled, the
only 3 indicators, namely, "the right to education and equal opportunity at all levels and in the form of lifelong learning, respect for the inherent
dignity and individual autonomy, enjoying the right to liberty and individual security equal to others" from the perspective of the disabled persons
were found to be desirable. Also, there is a negative and significant relationship between the level of activity of the disabled and each of the
barriers at the 99% confidence level; From the strongest to the weakest severity of the relationship with the degree of participation of persons
with disabilities, respectively, are the "economic", "sports facilities and facilities", "social protection", "information and advertising", "access to
the gym and playgrounds", "management and program" "And "mental and physical barriers".
Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, economic and social support is one of the effective factors in increasing the participation
of the disabled persons in sports activities.
