كليدواژه :
اختلالات رواني , بهزيستي , تصلب چندگانه , روان درماني مثبت نگر
چكيده فارسي :
هدف: بيماري تصلب چندگانه يكي از بيماري‌هاي سيستم عصبي مركزي بسيار مهم و شايع است كه در اثر التهاب و تخريب غلاف عصبي ميلين ايجاد مي‌شود. تصلب چندگانه علاوه بر سلامت جسماني، سلامت و بهزيستي روان‌شناختي افراد را نيز با مشكل مواجه مي‌كند. هدف پژوهش حاضر، تعيين اثربخشي روان‌درماني مثبت‌گرا بر كاهش نشانه‌هاي اختلالات رواني و افزايش بهزيستي بيماران مبتلا به تصلب چندگانه بود.
روش‌بررسي: پژوهش نيمه‌آزمايشي با طرح پيش‌آزمون- پس‌آزمون با گروه كنترل نابرابر بود. نمونهٔ پژوهش شامل 40 نفر از بيماران مبتلا به تصلب چندگانه (ام.اس.) بيمارستان سينا (فرشچيان) در شهر همدان بود كه به‌صورت هدفمند انتخاب گرديده و در دو گروه آزمايش (20 نفر) و كنترل (20 نفر) گمارده شدند. گروه آزمايش طي 8 جلسهٔ 90 دقيقه‌اي تحت روان‌درماني مثبت‌نگر قرار گرفتند. پس از اتمام جلسات پس‌آزمون و يك‌ماه بعد از اتمام جلسات آزمون پيگيري اجرا شد. ابزارهاي استفاده‌شده در اين پژوهش، پرسشنامهٔ نشانه‌هاي اختلالات رواني دراگوتيس و همكاران (1973) و مقياس نشانه‌هاي سلامت رواني كيز (2005- 2002) بود. جهت تجزيه‌و‌تحليل داده‌ها از تحليل كواريانس استفاده شد.
يافته‌ها: يافته‌ها نشان داد كه روان‌درماني مثبت‌نگر به‌صورت معناداري نشانه‌هاي اختلالات رواني را كاهش و سطح بهزيستي گروه آزمايش را افزايش داده است (0٫01≥P).
نتيجه‌گيري: يافته‌هاي به‌دست‌آمده از اين پژوهش نشان مي‌دهد كه روان‌درماني مثبت‌گرا به‌عنوان درمان كوتاه‌مدت مؤثر، نه‌تنها باعث كاهش علائم و نشانه‌هاي اختلالات رواني مي‌شود، بلكه مي‌تواند باعث افزايش بهزيستي روان‌شناختي گردد. همچنين يافته‌هاي اين پژوهش از اين باور كه روان‌درماني مثبت‌گرا مي‌تواند به‌طور مؤثري از طريق افزايش احساس لذت، تقويت توانمندي‌ها و افزايش معنا باعث افزايش بهزيستي شود، حمايت مي‌كند.
چكيده لاتين :
Background & Objective: Multiple sclerosis is one of the most important and most common diseases of the central nervous system caused by
inflammation and degeneration of the myelin neural sheath and, as a result, the electrical conductivity of the impulses of the central nervous
system. Depending on the location of the conflict, different clinical symptoms of the nervous system are created in the patients. In addition to
physical health, multiple sclerosis affects the health and psychological well-being of individuals. Given that psychological well-being of patients
with multiple sclerosis is important and due to the challenges facing these patients, they must be supported psychologically and socially. Positive
psychology emphasizes the enhancement of human abilities and virtues and allows individuals and communities to succeed. The present study
aimed studying the effect of Positive Psychotherapy on symptoms of mental disorders and well-being in multiple sclerosis patients in Hamedan-
Iran.
Methods: This study employed a two group pretest-post quasi-experimental design. The population was all the MS patients of Sina hospital
(Farshchian) of Hamedan in 2016. The participants were 40 MS patients chosen randomly after taking SCL-25-R test designed by Dragotis et
al, (1973). The reliability coefficients of this scale were calculated using Cronbach's, Spearman-Brown's and Gutmann's alpha methods. These
coefficients were 0.92, 0.88, and 0.87 respectively, which indicates a relatively good test reliability. The reliability of the questionnaire was
based on the internal consistency and through the Cronbach's alpha index, the total test was 0.90, as well as each of its three sub-scales for
emotional well-being (0.90), social well-being (0.75), and psychological well-being (0.87). The participants were assigned to two experimental
and one control groups randomly (20, experimental group and 20 control group). First experimental group received Positive Psychotherapy in 8
sessions but control group did not receive any intervention. Data was analyzed through one-way ANOVA.
Results: The results showed a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups (P <0.05). Therefore, 33 percent
of the changes in well-being and 46 percent of the changes mental disorder can be explained through an independent variable (positive learning).
Also, the results at the follow up stage showed that the experimental group showed significant difference in the symptoms of psychological and
welfare disorders through positive training with the control group at the level of 0.05 (P <0.05). and 0.1% of welfare changes and 0.25% of
changes in mental health can be explained by independent variable (positive learning).
Conclusion: The findings of this study show that positive psychotherapy as an effective short-term treatment not only reduces the symptoms of
psychological disorders but also strengthens psychological well-being. The findings of this study also support the belief that positive-thinking
psychotherapy can effectively enhance the well-being by enhancing the sense of pleasure, empowerment, and increasing meaning.
