نگاه وجودي ملاصدرا به علم

Molla Sadra`s Existential View on Knowledge

ملاصدرا با نوع نگاه به هستي مطلق و هستي انسان و نوع نسبت اين دو با يكديگر نگرشي نوين و متفاوت با نظريه فلاسفه ارسطويي- اسلامي در باب علم عرضه مي دارد. اين پژوهش به نحوه تكوين وجود انسان يا نفس و نسبت آن با معلوم مي پردازد و با تكيه بر مباني ابداعي ملاصدرا در اين رابطه، مدعي است كه نفس انساني اگرچه به عنوان مدرك كليات، در همه انسان ها مشترك است و تحت نوع واحد قرار مي گيرد، اما به تدريج و با توجه به نحوه عملكرد ذهن و فعاليت آن، از نفوس ديگر متشخص و متمايز مي گردد؛ و حتي در هر لحظه ادراكاتش براي خود او هم با لحظه قبل، متفاوت و متمايز است؛ به نحوي كه در اين تحول، وحدت و ثبات و تشخص نفس محفوظ است.

With regard to his special consideration on absolute existence, human existence and the relation between them, Molla Sadra has given a new idea on knowledge different than Muslim Aristotelian philosophers. As is explained in the paper, with regard to Sadra`s view on creational structure of human being and its relation with the knowledgeable and considering his new principles in the field, though it is generally believed that human soul as perceiving generals is common in all human beings and is put under one species, it gradually distinguishes from others by the help of the manner in which human mind acts. It should be stated that changing of knowledge is to such an extent that one cannot find the same kind and degree of knowledge even in two instances; yet, such dynamic state of human perception does not break the unity, stability and individuality of human soul.