پديد آورندگان :
قمرنيا، هوشنگ دانشگاه رازي - گروه مهندسي آب رشته مهندسي آب - آبياري و زهكشي، پرديس كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي، , نظري، بي نظير دانشگاه رازي - گروه مهندسي آب پرديس كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي , قبادي، محمد اقبال دانشگاه رازي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات پرديس كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي
كليدواژه :
تبخير - تعرق , شرايط آب و هوايي نيمه خشك , گياه مرجع , لايسيمتر زهكش دار
چكيده فارسي :
ا ستفاده بهينه از منابع آب مستلزم محا سبه ميزان آب مصرفي و تعيين ضرايب گياهي متنا سب با هر منطقه ا ست. مطالعه حاضررر در دو سررا زراعي 92 - 1391 و 93 - 1392 به منظور تعيين ضريب گياهي يك جزئي و دو جزئي گياه نخود (رقم بيونيج) در منطقه كرمان شاه با شرايط آب وهوايي نيمه خشك با استفاده از لايسيمتر زهكش دار انجام شده ا ست. بدين منظور از پنج لايسيمتر زهكش دار استوآن هاي با قطر 1/2 متر و ارتفاع 1/4 متر و با سطح مقطع 1/13 مترمربع، در مزرعه تحقيقاتي گروه مهندسي آب در پرديس كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي دانشگاه رازي كرمانشاه استفاده گرديد. يك لايسيمتر به گياه مرجع (چمن) يك لايسيمتر به خاك (بدون پوشش گياهي) و سه لايسيمتر ديگر آن به گياه مورد مطالعه (نخود رقم بيونيچ) اختصاص داده شد نياز آبي نخود در دو سال به ترتيب 379/05 و 480/45 ميلي متر محاسبه شد متوسط ضرايب گياهي منفرد و ضرايب گياهي پايه در مراحل اوليه توسعه مياني و پاياني براي گياه نخود در دو سال اجراي طرح به ترتيب برابر (0/54، 0/82، 1/11 و 0/69) و (0/39، 0/71، 1/01 و 0/62) به دست آمد همچنين با مقايسه نتايج به دست آمده از مدل SIMDualKc و روش لايسيمتري مشاهده گرديد كه نتايج محاسباتي همبستگي بالايي دارند به طوري كه در سال 1392، R2 = 0.85 و در سال 1393، R2 = 0.86 به دست آمد.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
The chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) especially Bivanij cultivar is one of the most important bean crops cultivated in the Kermanshah Province. The high value of protein in chickpea is the reason for its cultivation. For an efficient and optimum use of water resources in each area, the water requirement and crop coefficients of each plant is necessary. The crop evapotranspiration and irrigation water requirement can be estimated from meteorological data. Although, a precise values of mentioned parameters determination can be obtained by lysimeter in the field condition. Determination of crop coefficients is necessary for an accurate irrigation water requirement and irrigation scheduling. Also, crop water estimation at different crop stages makes it a precise determination of total water requirement. However, water requirement and the crop coefficients of chickpea (Bivanij cultivar) have not been determined in semiarid area in Kermanshah province for practical purposes and proper irrigation management use.
Materials & Methods
In this study the water requirement, single and dual crop coefficients of chickpea (Bivanij) cultivar was determined by using water balance lysimeter during two years from 2013 to 2014. Five water balance drainable lysimeters in the lysimeteric station belong to Department of Irrigation and Water Resources Engineering in Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Razi University were used. One lysimeter was used for grass evapotranspiration and one lysimeter was used for bare soil evapotranspiration estimation. Therefore, three Lysimeters were used for determination of chickpea evapotranspiration. Drainable lysimeters were used with an internal diameter of 1.20 m and a depth of 1.40 m. Both inside and outside of each lysimeter were painted with epoxy paint to prevent rusting. A Time Domain Reflectometer system (Trime -Fm with P2G probes) was used to measure soil moisture. TDR probes were 6 mm in diameter and 160 mm long. The probes were installed in all lysimeters at 6 different depths of 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, 1.0 and 1.2 m. The irrigation was carried out in all lysimeters after 30% depletion of available soil moisture to avoid any water stresses during the growing period. The collected water from lysimeters was measured by a graded container. Silty clay soil consisting of 54% clay, 42.3% silt and 3.7% sand was used in lysimeters. In this study, the SIMDualKc model were calibrated and validated for chickpea crop to find its ability for proper and accurate water resources management. Regression coefficients (r), root mean square error (RMSE), mean bias error (MBE) and t-statistic test (t) were used for SIMDualKc model evaluation by comparing observed and simulated Dual Kc values over time, for the experimental area. Results & Discussion
Water requirement of chickpea (Bivanij cultivar) was determined as 379.05 and 480.45 mm for 2013 and 2014 respectively. In this study, the average length of the four stages of chickpeas during years 2013 and 2014 were determined as 16, 24, 39 and 25 days. The chickpea growing period in lysimeters was divided into four stages (initial, development, middle and end).The average single crop coefficients for different periods of growth were obtained as 0.54, 0.82, 1.11 and 0.69, respectively. Moreover, the basal crop coefficients of chickpeas values for different periods of growth in two years and the average values were obtained as 0.39, 0.71, 1.01 and 0.62, respectively. Also, by comparing the results of lysimeteric data with SIMDualKc model it was observed that the results of the model with calculation results were highly correlated as (R2 = 0.85) in the year 2013 and (R2 = 0.86) in year 2014.
Conclusion
The seasonal ETc of chickpea (Bivanij cultivar) was determined in semiarid area of Kermanshah province. According to obtained results during of two years investigation, it can be suggest that the estimated water requirement and irrigation management of chickpea’s plant in dry and semi-dry climate with acceptable accuracy was possible. The results of this research showed the ability of SIMDualKc model for estimating all irrigation management parameters with high accuracy conditions.
